Community teaching work plan proposal Assignment

Community teaching work plan proposal - Assignment ExampleThe theory is genuinely significant because it incorporates both cognitive and behavior culture theories. The theory shall be utilized during teaching to veer the behavior and attitude of the audience through giving them real examples on the advantages of healthy eating habits. flick shall be shown to the audience on how to plan their daily diet, and the audience shall be expected to practice that daily.NWS-10 sign up the proportion of children and adolescents who are considered obese. There is increased number of children and adolescents who are obese in the countr, and the number is escalating at alarming rate. Poor eating habits have been associated as the major cause of this escalation.Obesity is iodin of the starring(p) lifestyle diseases that cause morbidity and mortality in US. According to Alma ata health for all global initiative, one of the pillars is to increase healthy life expectancy to all. Therefore, this objective is anchored on this pillar since it aims at enhancing health.I shall gauge the effectiveness of my teaching plan subsequently teaching the audience this shall be done immediately after the lesson. I shall achieve this through self-videotape during my teaching as well asking a colleague to go along me while I am teaching and offer me a genuine feedback on the overall teaching.The change of evaluation shall encompass I identifying the program and setting objective, designing lesson to meet the objectives, carry out the learning activities, assess the audience learning, and finally use the assessment results to improve the program and objectivesSome of the potential barriers shall be like coping with grammar and jargons by the audience. I shall overcome this by the use of simple terms and overturn medical jargons. Another barrier can be of technological breakdown for example computer disunify or problem with the overhead projector. This shall be overcome through the us e of other backup agreement like having the teaching information printed on

Relationship between language,power and gender Essay

Relationship in the midst of language, governwork forcet agency and gender - Essay ExampleLanguage, power and gender are highly related to each otherwise. In order to understand the kin between language, power and gender, lets analyze their relationship with the other individually. Many scholars have commented on the relationship between language and the power people have on it. Writers have written some novels and stories on the issue the examples of which include Leslie Marmon Silkos short story Lullaby, Shakespeares The Tragedy of King Richard II and The Tempest, Frederick Douglasss encyclopaedism to Read and Write, and Gloria Anzalduas How to Tame a Wild Tongue. All of these works convey the same center that language and power are interrelated to each other and one cannot survive without the other.Patel states in his denomination that the way a person speaks or writes determines that persons power in the world. Elaborating on this will give the self-colored idea how easy it is to define the social status of an individual while considering the language with which he defines himself.An abridgment of languages spoken in different regions in the world shows that there are some languages which are recognised and spoken internationally, while there are other which are only spoken within a limited are care within a country. Even inside a country,there are many forms of that one language by which that country is known.This is a sad truth that for a country to take place in this competitive world and to eventually come in power,it is important to get ac noesisd with the internationally known languages so as to facilitate the trade and business. Just getting acknowledged is not sufficient but to inculcate that language in the educational curricula is vital to raise the nation with an intense knowledge of that language so that the people of the country can read, write and speak that foreign language bonny manage they easily go with their own mother tong ue. This brings power. The relationship between power and gender raises questions like whether one gender is given advantage over the other so that one gendered is empowered and the other is left discriminated. The gender differences in many countries makes power stay stuck to only one gender like men are politically preferred to women. Similarly, there are gender discriminations at occupational workplaces payable to which men are given chances to get better jobs and women are told to stay at home in front of the stove all day. Although women have made gains in the workplace, with more women working than in the sometime(prenominal) and women possessing approximately a third of all management positions (Colwill, as cited in Carli, 1999). Male children are withal preferred to get higher education which later on offers them high paying jobs within and across the border. This reduces power for the female gender. The difference in social power between the two genders has given skip to the feminist theories which fought for the liberation of women so that they come out of their houses and stand on equal status as men to enjoy the different luxuries of life. Beeching (2004) affirms that the relationship between language and gender gives rise to man lingual issues. According to her, Mens and Womens Talk have arguably been demonstrated to show differences at the phonetic, syntactic, lexical and conference levels. Gender socialization affects the overall structure and use of a language. Language has defined the changing responsibilities and roles of the men and women in different walks of life, nationally and internationally. Simkins-Bullock and Wildman (1991, p. 149) have studied in their research the differences in gender in the use of a language and have come to the conclusion that there is much inconsistency among the scholars in agreeing whether or not the two genders use the same language differently. They state that scholars suggest that there are several ways in which the males and females make use of a language but other aspects should also be considered besides gender in

Prophecy in Eveline by James Joyce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prophecy in Eveline by James Joyce - Essay ExampleThis may be a clairvoyant utterance that signals the softness that Eveline displays in following her decision through to its very end. She is unable to take a strong and steadfastly decision as to whether she wants to leave with Frank or stay on with her family. This inability to take a firm decision is then indicative of the modernist inertia that anticipates a painful end to any endeavor that would provide wholeness with happiness. Happiness is then looked upon as a manifestation of meaning that would not be possible according to the modernist ethos. This would be an expression of the ultimate fate that befalls Eveline. Happiness for her is only something that lies in the anticipation. tied(p) this is tinged with pain and the completion of pain is what eventually results. This impossibility of happiness is what the author is highlighting through the prophetic nature of the dialogue that Evelines mother utters.The nature of the dialogue in any case then needs to be analyzed and looked into. The dialogue has been a source of constant bafflement to critics through the ages. The row, which is most probably Irish, is one that Joyce frequently refers to. This is because of the fact that Ireland at this point of time was colonized by England and its language had, as a result, suffered a great deal. Joyces articulation is pessimistic in anticipating and conflating the fates of both the language and the protagonist of the story, Eveline. The language and the fact that many would not be able to understand its literal meaning, let alone the connotations of it, also points to the fact that the end the story would not offer an easy resolution. The resolution then is something that is foretold and in this presage of doom, there is a great deal of pessimism that Joyce is trying to articulate. This articulation then becomes one that indicates the modernist predicament- one that recognizes the inadequacy of language but still attempts to convey meaning through it. The story Eveline is a part of the entreaty Dubliners.

BRAND MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

BRAND MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH - Essay Example send name and image of the company is so important and its implications are so far reaching that it cannot be ignored. It explains the fact that why managers today put so much emphasis on positioning and pock the organization. This paper aims at studying the effectiveness of the brand UGG with special reference to the three major criteria brand mensurate, brand image and brand positioning. Brand is a connection between brand takeer and the customer. So this paper aims to analyze the effectiveness of brand from the perspective of both. The strengths and weaknesses of the brand will also be analyzed. UGG The invoice of UGG registered trade mark of Australia began in 1978, when Brian Smith, a young surfer, introduced his sheep skin boots in California and became popular among surfers. It was acquired by Deckers outdoor corporation in 1995. In the next couple of years product statement grew to include two boots, four slippers, and a f ew casuals. It was only in 1998 that UGG came in the magnetic inclination of the beingnesss finest footwear. UGG was positioned as the high end luxury product and brand and a dueting remove marketing and distribution strategy was adopted. This high end product, symbol of luxury and comfort, soon started expanding beyond Australia and beaches of California. In 2003 it was named brand of the year in footwear news. The brand promise of UGG is accessible luxury. Their products fit into the everyday action of the customers. Their products are fashionable, comfortable and yet attainable and that explains their philosophy. The target customers are those people who value luxury, comfort and highest spirit footwear. The character reference is ensured by using the highest quality of leather, suede and worlds finest sheepskin. Their mission statement is UGG Australia markets the premier(a) brand in luxury and comfort. UGG has their concept stores in North America, Europe and Asia P acific. Apart from that they have their own authorized retailers and authorized online retailers almost all over the world (UGG, 2011). Brand Value Todays world is flooded with brands. We have witnessed the branding of almost everything around us including people. Even places, institutes, events, literally everything is branded. The list also includes intangible products such as cyber brands. Building brands is not enough because it not only raises antepast and demands from the customers but the brand has to live up to the promise (Parameswaran, 2006). Same is true for UGG brand that now set up the sheep skin boots in over 100 countries. Ugg has been the generic name for sheepskin boots in rural Australia and unfermented Zealand since 1920s. In this globalized world where businesses and consumers are separated, brands act as an important communication tool. A brand is an aura that surrounds any product or service and creates the differentiation criteria for the customer from the competitors by communicating the benefits of the products and services. UGG represents luxurious and quality sheep skin shoes etc. Brand communication which emphasizes on the holistic nature and brand value takes into account all the communication channels and the audiences. In this model CEO is the ultimate brand manager, who also defines the long term strategic direction of the brand. It is the job of the brand manager to ensure the closest match between customer expectations and the band promise. It is the unique balance and the

Computer Communications & Networks Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

information processing system Communications & Networks - Lab Report ExampleThe paper tells that the approach for accessing X burgeon forth from a upstage location encompasses Open System Interconnection (OSI) as well as the transmitting control protocol/IP model. in that location are many methods, procedures, technologies and processes that are associated with each socio-economic class of these two OSI models. However, in order to explain the connectivity of X stream from a remote location or home, we will align findings with the TCP/IP OSI model. The TCP/IP model is not completely aligned with the OSI model. Unfortunately, there is no existence of an agreement associated with the description of the TCP/IP model. Usually, it is considered and agreed that the TCP/IP model has less levels than the OSI model i.e. The application point incorporates protocols including FTP, SMTP, Telnet etc. These application layer protocols send info to the next layer i.e. transport layer. The transport layer than constructs the header and data to send it via Transmission control Protocol (TCP) or User Data gigabyte Protocol (UDP). Likewise, the intercommunicate layer assigns the IP address and delivers the packet to the required Ethernet present at the network access layer. After discussing the layers of the TCP/IP Model, the researcher will discuss protocol layering on these layers in order to explain the access mechanisms that are carried out when a home user wants to access the X stream. However, protocol layering is not easy, as it may seem difficult to understand initially. As discussed before, we will march the connection of X stream from home user via TCP/IP model that works on four layers. These four layers are associated with four types of protocol data units (PDUs) i.e PDU 1, PDU2, PDU3 and PDU4. Exhibit 2 shows the initiation of a packet from the application layer i.e. layer four. Exhibit 2 Image retrieved from (James F. Curose & Keith W. Ross, 2000) Likew ise, layer four creates a message M and is considered to be PDU 4, as it is associated with the highest layer. The message M incorporates several parameters that are modified and customized by the application itself. Parameters may include sender name, type of the message and related data. The home calculator passes the data of the complete message M to the layer triplet of the protocol stack. The exhibit 2 shows layer three that is the home computer breaks the PDU 4 in to two parts i.e. M1 and M2. Likewise, the layer three is the home computer that combines with M1 and M2 which are called headers for developing PDU 3 in to two separate layers. Likewise, headers holds the additional information that is required by sender and the receiver on layer three to deploy the service from layer three to layer four. Accordingly, the process continues in the source and adds more headers while travelling through each layer coin bank PDU 1 headers are created. Now PDU 1 is ready to be transmit ted from the home computer to the X stream server via physical layer i.e. the physical striking. On the other side i.e. X stream network receives PDU 1 and routes them to the protocol stack. Likewise, at every layer, the headers representing similar values are removed. Lastly, M is suppose from M1 and M2 and router to the X stream application. Network Access Layer Network layers is integrated with physical and data link layer that is responsible for physically connecting the computer with the wired or wireless medium for data transmission from the X stream. There are different types of wired networks available based on different

Comparing and Contrasting the book and movie Act of Valor Essay

Comparing and Contrasting the defend and cinema venture of valour - Essay Examplepassionately. It is up to the Navy SEALs to find the terrorist groups and eliminate the curses. They embark on threat elimination missions in various parts of the world where their different units are stationed. The Action filled deal is as captivating as it is enlightening. Unlike the common occurrence, the Act of valor film precedes the Act of Valor book. The film story writer wrote the story from a fictional original idea and the book authors borrowed their ideas and plan from the book. The book is written by Dick Couch and George Galdorisi. The book goes deep into the details in the interpretation of the characters and the events that take place. This paper will compare and contrast the Films and the book, Act of Valor. The book is more accurate than the movie since it gives more details of the story and anyone looking for a thrilling action story should read it. relation and Contrast The Pl ot in both the book and the film is similar. The plot begins with the Navy SEALs team creation dispatched on a rescue mission in Columbia where a U.S. CIA agent is held captive by an enemy group. The SEAL team seven is dispatched on a ship to perform the mission that is evaluate to be simple and fast but they later get information that there are plans current to attack the U.S. The SEALs are then given intelligence information to embark on a world(a) manhunt to pulley the terrorists plan that is in truth rise up coordinated. The action moves from Chechnya shifting to the Philippines and later to Ukraine and Somalia where the SEALs conduct combat attacks to stop the terrorists. With each mission that the SEALs accomplish, a new puzzle is served to them and they are sent out to join the pieces in different parts of the world where the terrorists are stationed. The Film and the book capture the lives of the SEALs members and how the missions affect them and their families back at home. The action filled plot turns into an emotional rollercoaster once in a while when the lives and worries of the SEALs are flesh out (McCoy & Wuagh). The characters in both the movie and in the book are the same. The book writers took their ideas from the film and they were obliged to see to it that all the characters in the film appeared in the book exactly as their lives are portrayed in the film. The fact that the book is written from the screen play makes it difficult for the book writers to ignore any crucial occurrence in the film. One of the greatest differences between the book and the film is the lengthy exposition in the book. The book has to capture the exact character image portrayed in the movie and this calls for detailed description to create a mental picture of the characters lives and descriptions. The movie features actual Navy SEALs and the books description is intact on their image and lives (McCoy & Wuagh). The writers of the book enjoy the availability of time and home in the book to add more information to the lives of the characters. The movie is time bounded and the story had to be shorter. The book in the other hand goes deeper into the details of the SEALs description and the way they handled the missions. In the book, the attacks that the SEALs engage in are vividly described, making what the film shows seem like just a sneak rush of the real event. The book illustrates every single detail of the fictitious story in a very clear way that the reader can almost visualize the experience. In the movie, the combat scenes are well

Jazz concert report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jazz concert report - Essay ExampleSusan is a pianist era Michael Zilber is a saxophonist. They were joined by other CJC members Jeff Chambers and Jason Lewis both played bass and drums consecutively. The concert lasted for an bit and forty minutes.Zilberella mainly played contemporary jazz pieces but they in addition interpreted standards of jazz. The jazz pieces they showcased take on - UN POCO LOCO which is a bolt of jazz called Bright Latin. Medium up swing jazz style had songs which included bud Powell and blues on the corner. Another style of jazz included the glazed swing which they sung to Voyage together with a ballad THE MEANING OF BLUES. Interpretation of standards was showcased by the song You leave me breathless.Zilberella had no featured soloists as they each played a come apart to the songs. Furthermore, they covered everything but their areas of interest were in the showcasing of contemporary jazz music and standards of jazz. The performance of the group was d readful because Zilberella could actually read the audiences mood and switch tempo and rhythm to suit the moods. They also effectively utilized the use of blue note in their performance. The key signature changes were the most horrific in the whole performances the audience was well catered for in terms of music.In my opinion I reckon Susan was the most talented. She played the piano but was also reading the crowd mood and organizing the group to ready the necessary changes. Her ability to know how to switch the rhythm and tempos and changing keys was magnificent since it went smoothly and perfectly. Michael was also dependable at the saxophone since he played his heart out mixing his emotions and feelings in his facial expression. It was standardized he was acting out the song to the audience which made the audience and the group to connect.I mustiness say that that Michaels way of silently talking to the audience through facial expressions and Susans ability to

Why I want to be an HR Generalist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Why I want to be an HR generalist - Essay ExampleI qualify for this job also because I have about 18 months of experience of working as an HR generalist with a company where I was required to annihilate the day-to-day operations, manage employee relations, administer the policies, programs, and procedures, arrange training and development programs for the employees, and address their individualistic and collective issues by serving as a medium of coordination between them and the top management. One thing that I manage about working as an HR Generalist is that it involves a lot of strategic management. The HR Generalist has to manage things in a way that generates positive messages for the organizational personnel so that they feel as such motivated to cooperate and be a part of the change. I look forward to this opportunity so that I can apply the concepts I gained through years of training and practical experience.

Managing Buiness Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Buiness Organization - Essay ExampleFor instance, professionals ar gaining more say in the running of organizations. Even where governance is by people who own the mass stakes, their own perplexs and the respect, they command are contingent upon their competence rather than ownership (Ahuja, 2005 880).Management is the art of acquiring things done through other people. Management is the dynamic, life-giving element in every business. Without it the elections of production abide resources and never become production. (Sharma, 2004 11)This definition emphasizes that the managers achieve organisational objectives getting things done through the employees. Human resource Management is very substantive for successful running of an enterprise. It ensures proper use of physical and human resources by deriving the best results. It leads to efficient performance and higher productivity. Human Resource Management is very essential for every organization to make productive use of human physical and financial resources or the performance of the organizational goals. It helps in determination of objectives. No organization can succeed in tits mission unless its objectives an determine and well denied. Management helps in achieving these objectives by the efficient use of resources.In management, the term manager means overseeing the subordinates at work by their superiors. It is the function of leading, co-coordinating and directing the work of others to accomplish designated objectives. It refers to the direct and immediate guidance and soften of subordinates in the performance of their task (Sharma, 204, p.110). Role of manager in an Organization from the Onset of the Industrial variation The role of a manager in an organization has been shown below Fig. Role of manager (Sharma, 204, p.111) (a) As Mediator- animal trainer acts as a mediator between higher-level management and the workers.(b) As Medium of Communication - manager acts as a medium of comm unication between higher-level managers and workers. He explains management policies to the workers and conveys the workers attitudes, opinions, grievances and problems to higher-level management (Silbiger, p.103). In other words, he communicates(i) To the workers what the management expects from them and(ii) To the management what the workers want. Thus, manager bridges the gap between the expectations of management and demands of operatives and workers.(c) As Convertor - film director acts as a convertor in the sense that he occupies such a key position which turns plans and policies into actual results through the efforts of workers.(d) As Inspirer - manager acts as an inspirer in the sense that he inspires workers to cooperate and contribute to the best of their capability for the achievement of organizational objectives.(e) As Leader - Manager acts as a leader in the sense that he influences the workers to work with team spirit for the achievement of organizational objectives. He also provides a cohesive force, which holds the group intact and develops a spirit of cooperation and discipline among the employees.(f) As Guide and Friend - Manager acts as a guide and friend in the sense that he educates and trains the workers, creates friendly environment and solves the disputes of the workers. In this way, he ensures team spirit, co-operation and discipline amongst the members (Sharma, 2004, p.115)Thus, the Manager is expected to secure not only the efficiency of operations but also the team spirit, co-o

Critically evaluate how the recent recession has been affecting Essay

Critically measure how the recent recession has been affecting strategic marketing management practices of orchard apple tree - Essay ExampleBy 1980 as the sales of the company were experiencing a high the company also grew considerably in size, by the time the apple III was launched, the company employed several thousand people and was conducting international transaction (apple-history, 2013). Lisa and Macintosh are hall mark products of the Apple Company. During the 1980s the Mac II gave the windows a authentically tough time, taking it to the verge of a flop, due to its expandability and viability (apple-history, 2013). The release of power books in 1991 put Apple back in the race it was losing against windows 3.0, and advancements were being made at the same time towards the PDA (Personal digital Assistant) (apple-history, 2013). Formerly known as Apple Computer Apple Inc. is currently the biggest tech company in the world that employs more than 49,400 people and gross profi t of more than $ 65 billion (Rodrigo, 2012). Competitors Apples competitors in the technology and computer industry are Microsoft, Dell, Motorola, LG, and Nokia. ... comes from its diverse line and range of products and the software and hardware integration of their range of products which they have achieved over the years (Magee, 2011). Apple has led to the jointed manufacturing of computers and mobile devices, whereas this was antecedently done by separate companies (Magee, 2011). This allows for deal outd functioning and information processing, connectivity is the main feature giving these products a competitive edge (Magee, 2011). Impact of Recession The recession did not impact Apple Inc. as expect and rather than suffering massive losses like its counterparts it just received a jolt at its retail stores (MaCNN, 2009). The number of visitors per Apple retail store suffered a drop of 1.8%, and the revenues fell 17.4 percent (MaCnn, 2009). 2008 truism a drop for the companys r evenues by 0.6 percent in the last three calendar month period (Oliver, 2009). Apple saw the revenue decrease on per store basis but as a whole the Mac sales increased year over year as compared to 2008 (Oliver, 2009). apart(predicate) from suffering a drop in terms of visitor per retail store the concept that Apple retail store follow, showed the success of the strategies employed by Apple (Oliver, 2009). According to Carl Howe, who is the director of consumer research for the northern Group said that the company is really tested during a recession, and for Apple, the think different motto appears to be working really well (cited in Rodrigo, 2012). Where economies, banks and companies have drastically suffered at the hands of the recession, Apple has hold its record sales. Recession tests companies by better execution and Apple is achieving that (Howe, cited in Rodrigo, 2012). Apples share value doubled during 2008, the year the recession hit the hardest and

Communication, Gender, and Sexuality Blog...I Essay

Communication, Gender, and Sexuality Blog...I - Essay causanfluenced all aspects of society from the basic family setting where men ar viewed as the head of the family with the task of do important family decisions mainly resting on them to the work places where they hold the high esteemed positions. Women earn therefore had to weight-lift to be recognized from all fronts. They have learnt how to balance their caring nurturing side with their go-getter side fashioning them a force so powerful.Standpoints have supported strong objectivity whereby marginalized or oppressed hoi polloi such as women have been made able to create more objective accounts of the world. They have had to adapt to the masculine culture by taking up more male dominated roles like by venturing into fields like engineering which are more technical. In other words they have acquire bicultural. On the other hand when felt oppressed, they have learnt to stand up for their rights because of the strong object ivity the standpoints have offered them. This is seen vividly when it comes to the issue of women sexuality. They have defended their sexuality from the inhumane practices like rape, domestic violence and harmful mortify cultural practices.Women have also learnt how to be accountable for the way they articulate their wants and demands. They base their demands on facts that are rational detaching all the emotional aspects that would discredit their plea on the basis that they are weak. Women have learnt how to depend out for their

Visit a museum or gallery exhibition or attend a theater, dance, or Essay

Visit a museum or gallery exhibition or attend a theater, dance, or musical performance - Essay ExampleThere was something about the feature that they were elevated above my typical line of vision. Craning my neck, I enjoyed the slow natural rotation of each of the mobiles. close to of the shapes conveyed a sense of whimsy while others had a more threatening feel. After many minutes, I was ready to move on, until I notice how the light coquetteed on each of the mobiles and the resulting shadows that were assign upon the walls of the visor room.The shadows created by the lighting installation gave an entirely different dimension to the mobile installation. As the mobiles rotates freely, the shadows cast upon the walls displayed a motion that seemed to be more active than the perceived motion of the mobile. The slightest rotation of the mobile would send a shadow racing across the wall. In addition to this, the shadows were constantly transforming in shape and sharpness. Due to th e play of the lighting and the three dimensional construction of the mobiles, some shadows were crisp edged and dark while others, cast from the same mobile resembled amorphous grey smudges. The constant interplay of shadows of different value created movement and action that belied the late rotating mobiles mounted above my head.The second exhibition I attended was the Matisse Cutouts in the next room. For the last 15 years of his life, Matisse rediscovered his passion and creativity by constructing colorful paper cutouts and displaying them on the walls of his studio. Matisse has suffered several personal setbacks that had leave him physically and mentally exhausted. He no longer felt inspired to create as a result. While resting, he began to land with the idea of cutting into color to create paper shapes that melded the ideas of painting, drawing and sculpture. The resulting work is elicit to behold, not just because the shapes are beautiful, but also because the scale of th e paper cutouts is massive.The most interesting of the

Titler Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Titler Article - Essay ExampleThe data was pulled from multiple sources as a means of providing a general cross jurisdictional approach to the explore question. Furthermore, due to the fact that unmarried statistics possess been tracked by both patient records stored at a local and private level as well as those which were stored and study by governmental structure assisted the researchers in putting together a well balanced approach to answering the research question.Due to the fact that the researchers have gone to such painstaking efforts to gather the data from such a wide array of sources and institutions, it is the mental picture to his analyst that the information obtained will more than meet the individual needs specified by the research question.Although this author is aw are of additional databases that could be used, for purposes of this research question, it is this authors belief that the best and more or less reliable datasets and databases were employed.One of t he weaknesses that this author noted was the reliance on the 843 bed academic medical totality in the Mid-West which was used to draw inference on the overall incidence of nursing outcomes with reference to hep related injuries. Although this is a useful dataset, the fact that it is regionally specific calls into question whether the information that it might go out would somehow be determinate of the region and not indicative of the overall/wider population model that the authors are trying to draw inference upon (Shever et al 2007).One of the biggest facilitators is the fact that the study is being performed in bicycle-built-for-two with the National Institute of Nursing Research. In this way, the combined resources and expertise of the larger entity will necessarily patron the researcher to meet the metrics and milestones as a function of the fact that this work is beholden to a larger whole. Likewise, the largest single barrier is perhaps the fact that too much data is bein g analyzed in order to attempt to gain a perspective on the

The effects of salt solution on frog skin cell Lab Report

The effects of salt solution on frog unclothe cell - Lab Report ExampleNext to Stratum corneum layer is the Stratum granulosum, followed by the Stratum spinosum layer. The Stratum germinavium is the innermost layer which lies beside the basal lamina. The cells of the last three layers communicate with each different via gap junctions and are held together by desmosomes, which are structures that join adjacent cells together (Guo et al, 2003). Amphibian hide has heterocellular epithelium i.e. it is made up of two types of cells. The majorities of cells are normal and are known as dealer cells while a minority faction (MR cells) constitutes the cells which are rich in Mitochondria. The MR cells are responsible for a highly specialized mechanism of chloride transport across amphibious vehicle skin (Guo et al, 2003). Both the principal and the MR cells experience the ability to actively transport sodium in the presence of ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate) due to the presence of Na+-K+- ATPase on their basolateral surface. Most amphibian species (toads/frogs) obtain wet primarily by osmotic absorption across their skin and are able to absorb Na+ and Cl- across their skin from very dilute solutions (Guo et al., 2003). Because of these properties, the amphibian skin has long been used as a model tissue for the study of ion transport and osmotic water movement across epithelia (Jorgensen, 1997).The hypothesis for this experiment was that the amount of salt turn in water would affect osmosis in model frog skin cells. The prediction for this hypothesis is that the more salt that is dissolved in the water, the smaller the amount of water that will move into the cell. This would naturally result in an dissymmetry of the natural physiological ionic concentration of the amphibians and dehydrate them. The expected response would be an endeavor on the part of the animal to maintain its hydration which usually takes place through the skin and not through drink as in verteb rate mammalian species,

Radical Reconstruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Radical reconstruction - Essay ExampleCongress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866, naturalized the Freed handss Bureau intended to stop the lawmakers in the South from passing discriminatory legislation. President Johnson raise Radical Republi tin cans by vetoing these laws but both were overridden by Congress which then rejected the Supreme dally decision in the Dred Scott case that denied citizenship rights to freed slaves by passing the 14th Amendment. In addition, it provides that no state can deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.This Amendment also gave the right to black men aged 21 and over to vote and run for public office. However, despite these reconstructive legislative efforts snow-white on black violence became increasingly commonplace in the South.Ex-Confederate troops and southern loyalists formed paramilitary organisation organizations to fight the Union Army to kill all blacks and any whites that opposed their cause. Whi te vigilante organizations derailed Reconstruction and re-established home rule, a term used to describe whites only in the government and legal system. Blacks were terrorized and imperil not vote and certainly not run for office. The devastated South never received economic dish that had been previously promised by Lincoln thus never fully recovered economically. The oppression of Blacks likely go on to a greater degree and for a longer period of time due to Lincolns assassination. The cumulative amount of human misery caused by Johnson is incalculable.

You have to read the article and follow the uplode this question Assignment

You have to read the article and follow the uplode this question - Assignment ExampleThe extension to the book Prototype of Japanese Architecture, provides fair mean of support to Reynoldss view of legitimate lead of hierarchy by Japanese modernist. Thus, the association of Shinto shrine in Ise as a emblematic representation of imperial religious place turned into an architectural beauty for meditation provides relevance when maven observes the regular atheist culture of Japan.The inaccessibility to sight Shinto Shrine, made it more(prenominal) valuable in the political and cultural circle. Therefore, the exposure of its interior revolutionized its radiance in the political and social context and thus, it became more of a community service institute rather than a spiritual place of sanctuary. The captivating viscid information engages the reader to read further to unravel the truth behind the change in side of the shrine.The description of modernist claims of discourse and aut hors view on them regarding the significance of Japanese architectural standardization, in accord to the emerging traditions is a little confusing to comprehend ( Reynolds, p 316).Visualizing the shrines in terms of historical legacy made the article more interesting and profound. If one reads the article by keeping the retiring(a) alive in their minds, its easy to process the change in prominence of the shrines. These historical monuments adventure their significance one way or the other. Some remember them as the place where only elect(ip) class was allowed to worship and people were valued on the bases of cast and wealth. And yet, for some it has established foundation of prevailing traditions. Absorbing the details of this meticulous piece of document helped me grasp the true essence of the

In this chapter the writer uses the setting of the chapter to explain the feeling of all the main characters Essay Example for Free

In this chapter the writer uses the mise en scene of the chapter to explain the tactual sensation of ein truth the main characters EssayIn this chapter the writer uses the setting of the chapter to explain the feeling of all the main characters. When we first-class honours degree meet the family they ar base on ballsing down a road which is all dirty and surrounded by dirt. The nature around them is dying out or rotting. This we give the gate hope to both(prenominal) characters feeling Micheal feels like his marriage spoiled or ruined his chance of a good enough brio or any fortunes. Whereas Susan feels like she is dying or has died in Micheals heart since he is dress to sell her like he wouldve sold a horse in an auction. Hardy uses nature many beats in this chapter. At one time when Micheal is auctioning Susan we are told that a sparrow flies in and everyone watches the sparrow till it disappears. This could in fact be cover us Susans position. Everyone watches he r till she is able to go out of the tent with Newson the sailor.Hardy uses a lot of note to show the indorsers Micheals two sides, in this chapter. In the last chapter we saw Micheal in his drunken state which was his dark side. We saw his greed and bad temper. In chapter 2 though we hang Micheal when he is sober and when he finds out what he has done. He shows last in finding his wife and repels responsibility, however raze in this chapter we serve Micheals bad side when he blames Susan for being simple minded enough to speak up the auction was binding. in like manner we see his negative points when he is withal proud of himself to attest people why he is searching for his wife. We directly external see that these two sides of Micheals go forth be a great factor in this book.In this chapter Hardy relives the walk to Weydon-Priors. Only this time the people walking are in a more loving situation. in addition there are two women. The women obviously feel love for each other because they are holding each others hands. The fact that they are both wearing black gowns straight away gives us an persuasion of why these two women guard come buttocks this way. Also this is the first time we see Elizabeth- Jane in her grown up state and we see that she is brought up as a very nice girl. Although we see straight away that she is brought up in a rich lifestyle when she tells her mother that the infirmity tent isnt respectable. At this point e see for the first time that Hardy adds suspence when he decides to bring Susan back to Micheal. The reader wonders why Susan is so determined to meet him. He main question is why ahs Susan neer told Elizabeth when she is old enough to hump.Casterbridge is described in great detail and because Hardy has a gift for description we can more or less see the town come to life. We besides find that the town is eager to get around gossip when two women willingly tell Susan about the gossip of the bread and the town. We can see from luxuriant point that the public will be a very important point in the book. Micheal also reveals his caring point when he tells the towns people that the wheat is not really safe to eat. We also se that Micheal is true to his oath not to drink, when in his run into he only drinks water. Near the end of the meeting we see the Angry Micheal side when he makes a sharp retort.We see a description of Farfrae and forthwith we can tell that he is the total opposite of Henchard. Both in looks and we think in personality. Also through the names of the pubs and clubs we can see that maybe Hardy is trying to make a point. When they go to the three mariners whence Hardy could be trying to say that they are among the waves of chance. The fact that chance plays a biggish role in this novel and especially in this chapter. Its by chance that Farfrae hears about the corn whisky and has the solution or that Elizabeth-Jane notices him and that they all stay at the three mariners . Also the way Michael misses his family by a few minutes on his way to see the man. We can hold out that Hardy is proving the powers working against earthly concern in this chapter.In this chapter we see little irony when Elizabeth-Jane says that they must stay at the fancy inn yet then gets a job as a serving maid which is not too respectable it self. While we can say that Elizabeth-Jane is making sacrifices for her mother, we can still remember that the towns people have seen Elizabeth serving them and they will remember her face later on. Also in this chapter we pity Michael when we read that he is lonely(a) and we guess that what he wants is a pedigree partner or a friend. Farfrae is straight away the person that comes to mind. Though again we see a bit of fickleness in Michaels attitude when he cannot even remember the old mangers name.Farfrae then decides to sing fro the towns people and its by chance that the people are in the mood for his sad songs and Elizabeth-Jane w ho has been eyeing him, has her heart set on him. When the townspeople talk to Farfrae we know straight away that he has the ability to charm people and when he sings he is charmed them further. We can assume that the reason that the townspeople like the sad songs is because they feel like the story of the song represents them in a way, with their lost ideals. We can even see a bit of this in Micheal himself. Also Elizabeth-Jane misinterprets the songs that Farfrae sings and when her mother says he Elizabeth assumes its about Farfrae. These misunderstandings prove to be a problem later on.In the next chapter wee that both Susan and Micheal have to turn towards the younger generation to save themselves. Susan saves her marriage by sending Elizabeth-Jane with the note to Micheal and Micheal saves his business by begging Farfrae to say on as manager. When Elizabeth-Jane takes the walk through the town it creates a time of suspense because it is stalling the meeting between Micheal and Susan and it cuts the conversation between Micheal and Farfrae. Mostly though it shows us except how much power Micheal ahs in his town socially and business wise.Again we see a contrast between Michaels sides when at first he acts kindly towards Elizabeth-Jane, when he learns who she is. Also when he sends back Susan atomic number 23 guineas we feel that he is al close to trying to buy her back since five guineas are how much was gainful for her before. Yet we see his cold side again when he coldly turns down Joshua Jopp about his call into question and he has created a new enemy at the same time. Later also Micheal explodes on Elizabeth-Jane and cannot even calm himself down. Also in this chapter we see a proud side of Michael when he asks to see Susan in a secret place and will not see her in public incase they exponent be seen and found out. Slowly we will see this part of his attitude be a big part of his down glint.In the next chapter when Micheal has asked to see Susan i n the ring and we get the description of the place it automatically sets a place for something negative to take place. Almost a place where nothing positive can happen. Hardy backs this himself by saying, the boys cannot make this a good cricket field. This ring is maybe meant to show Hardys life in a way that Hardy is known for his architecture and his liking to the Greek mythology in a way. The Roundness representing the coliseum and the positiveness being kept away by ghosts of the past like the killed prizefighter or the woman who was strangled. This is like a metaphor in a way to their relationship. Micheal will fall in battle and his control is so tight on Susan it might almost be throttling her.The next chapter gives us an idea of our speculation is chapter 3 about another woman in Micheals life. We learn that this woman is infact living in Jersey. We already know that when a person is included in Hardys plots he is never easily forgotten so when we hear about this woman we straight away know she will affect the plot. Again this chapter reveals a lot when Micheal reveals to his best friend that he is very lonely and would like a friend. We guess straight away that he ahs also made a misapprehension when he reveals his whole past to someone he has only known for a day. He tells Farfrae everything and doesnt think of any consequences that could later occur.We see Farfrae first ability in this chapter after he handles his position very well with his new boss. Even though he has plans to eat alone he decides to dine with Micheal and when he is asked about help on how to handle his problem with the lady in Jersey he gives an repartee that could start the first sign of discord between the two people. He tells Micheal that he should firstly tell Elizabeth-Jane the truth about her mother and father and he disagrees and gets rather angry. Yet he forgets that it was him who in the first place told him about all his past secrets.In this chapter we finally see Micheal openly court Susan and then propose to her. Even though this should be good new the whole chapter caries ill will which is mostly carried by the townspeople. We can maybe use the natures reaction to show out the feelings of Micheal and Susan. When the two draw in the church to get married it is raining quite badly and it is very dark almost showing how the two really feel about each other. Hardy uses these nature effects to show the reader how the two feel about each either. By hiding the meaning of the nature effects it almost showing that the two have hidden their feelings about each other. The townspeople also add most of the uneasiness. They dont actually know the secret about the wedding but they have an idea that something is not right. They at a time feel that Susan is not at the same class as Micheal which is ironic because Michael is the one with the worst mount out of the two.In this chapter we know for sure that something about Elizabeth-Jane is being hidden be cause not only does Micheal sustentation going on about her hair colour but he starts asking her to change her bit name. Also we find out that Micheal maybe getting rather annoyed with Farfrae when he gets angry at little things that Farfrae says. At one time he even dismisses Farfraes opinion by saying dont take too much thought about things. Also since Elizabeth-Jane has started growing in her new place she starts to pinnacle a certain beauty. Yet she still remembers her old lifes

The Value of a Human Life Essay Example for Free

The Value of a Human Life Es placeWe aroma at the sacred scriptures of one of the framers of our constitution, and we apply it to the concept of back up suicide. This subject was one of the hottest issues of the late twentieth century, solely wherefore was this issue so crucial? Why did it seem to be possessed of law writers and settle fumbling to grab for their red tape? in that location seems to be a more deep place opinion on why the land that gives us the honest to shrivedom of speech, expression, natural, and civil estimable(a)s, jakes determine the one right we should implicit in(p)ly experience. The question I pose for you today isnt to look at the morality of suicide, but rather look, and ask yourself, why dont we watch the right to break dance?This report will be broken d take into two sections, one will be the law, precedent, bites, etcetera and the other will be the philosophy governing our actions as a collective body and why the ideals that the sound percentage of this united res publicas are unrepresented. The Law There are many graphemes of assisted suicide, and principle overseeing it, but the few examples I will give will show the stance that America has taken on the subject of assisted suicide. Jack Kevorkian was the front runner for euthanasia, advocate for a pro- prime(prenominal) terminal, and attracter of one of the most controversial hot button issues of the late 1980s to 1990s.He fought for the legalization of assisted suicide in terminal tolerants and was know for saying dying is not a crime. Hes an important figure in this impressment beca employment he couldnt be convicted until he was expose on 60 minutes as person constantlyy last(predicate)y injecting the patient with the drug, instead of having them commit the suicide themselves. The grandeur of this eminence is that when Jack himself did not inject the patient, he was not found account qualified, showing the importance of the word assisted i n assisted suicide. 2 Secondly, the Terry Schiavo case was another landmark case pertaining to the death of a terminal patient.Theresa Marie Schindler (Terri) had entered a vegetative state and was comatose and on spiritedness erect. Her husband had the power to lodge her feeding tubes withdraw, ultimately sentencing her to death, however, many people intervened and wouldnt let her pass away, rather they kept her on feeding tubes for 15 years until she fin eachy was taken off conduct support and passed 13 old age after. During her breeding, the very controversial Terris Law was written up and gave the power to Floridas Governor to ramble Terri back on purport support.An arouse point in this legislation is that President George W. Bush flew to working capital unless to sign this bill into action. It should be noticed that this is the same George W. Bush who, as Governor of Texas, sign into state law the power of hospitals to remove a patient (in identical situations as T erris) from life support a critical factor being the familys ability to pay the hospital bills even if such remotion was against the familys objections. 3 This brings a completely disparate angle into the element of a patients death.From the parameters of this case it proves that the presidential term will not intervene into the death of one of its constituents, unless of course that person is not financially able to withstand living. Ill explain this further, in the second section. Another fact to outline our governments stand on suicide is the Washington v. Glucksberg case. In this case the Supreme romance agreed nemine contradicente that the Due Process Clause of the Constitution did not protect the right to assistance in committing suicide. There was a previous case, Moore v.East Cleveland, which decided that liberty interests cannot be protected if they arent deeply root in the nations history. Rehnquist wrote that it fur thered various compelling state interests, such a s the preservation of world life and defend the intellectually ill and disabled from medical mal dedicate. The Court also thought that protecting physician assisted suicide would create a guileful slope towards in unpaid euthanasia. 4 Some things that mustiness be discussed in this regard are as follows.The Due Process Clause protects the right to choice over abortion, which can be compared semi-closely in this case. 5 Why should those who are unborn be in possession of no say over their own demise, but yet both(prenominal)one who is suffering and wants to die with dignity cannot exhaust the benevolence and assistance of their physician? Furthermore, the slippery slope argument is not a logically proven one, its simply using something with shock effect and making it seem less distant than it really is, lay fear in those who notice nothing wrong with the argument. R. G. Frey, DPhil says it best in his book titled The devotion of a Slippery Slope, Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide For and Against. Especially with regard to taking life, slippery slope arguments have long been a feature of the ethical landscape, used to question the moral permissibility of all kinds of acts The situation is not unlike that of a doomsday cult that predicts time and again the end of the world, single for followers to discover the next day that things are pretty some(prenominal) as they were We need the reason that shows that horrible slope consequences are likely to occur.The mere possibility that such consequences might occur, as storied earlier, does not constitute such evidence. 6 Theres no other way it can be put, the use of a slippery slope has no bearing on the actual case in front of the judges and should have never been allowed as reasoning for striking down the act. Another unremarkably cited document in this case is the Hippocratic Oath, the rule of law for doctors and alike as well as a document swearing in medical practitioners into the field. T he cited phrase that those opposed to assisted suicide use is I will prescribe regimens for the good of my patients according to my ability and my judgment and never do defile to anyone.It seems that people are being too narrow-minded approximately the term, harm. As Philip Nitschke, Founder of strangle International, a pro-euthanasia group says, The much-quoted reference to do no harm is also in need of explanation. Does not doing harm mean that we should prolong a life that the patient sees as a painful excite? Surely, the harm in this instance is done when we prolong the life, and doing no harm means that we should help the patient die. Killing the patienttechnically, yes. Is it a good thingsometimes, yes.Is it consistent with good medical end-of-life care absolutely yes. 8 Another interesting quote in the Hippocratic Oath is the phrase, I will not give a fatal drug to anyone if I am asked, nor will I advise such a plan and too I will not give a woman a pessary to cause an abortion. 9 This shows some contradictions in the Oath that the opposition has held so dear. The abortion line has since been removed, as well as the financial statement about a lethal drug, but in the updated version it also has no statement about never doing harm.Some anti-euthanasia persons use an outdated version of the oath to make their points, but have neglected that there are also other statements in that old version that are no longer applicable to this day and age. 10 The last and final bit of information is the Death with Dignity Act, formal in Oregon and Washington. It has been voted in by the citizens of each item-by-item state by majority, challenged by the state legislature and rejected by voters, and even challenged by the Bush Administration and upheld in the Supreme Court by Gonzales v.Oregon.The act establishes safe and put onable guidelines to go through before the patient takes the life-ending medication. The guidelines include and enforce a waiting period, must be reviewed by two physicians, the patient must be free of a impairing mental illness, must be witnessed by two people, one of which isnt family, and the request is voluntary and can be backed out of at any time. 11/12 This is the act we need established in the entire United States one that gives patients the right to die with dignity.The point of this research is to show the clearly diagonal views of the American government next, Ill be demonstrating examples and reasoning for why we should be allowed the liberty to assume. Philosophy First, it must be said that to purely discuss the task at hand we must remove all prejudice about religion and morality. Those things can be used in ones own personal value that they put upon this subject, but in front of us is the law, and it must be known that all religious aspects must be removed from government. Now, what were facing is the legalization and promotion of assisted suicide.Suicide is a non-punishable crime, so to speak. Its n ot that they can convict a corpse, but in the attempt of a suicide attempt one can be taken into a mental institution to be assessed and treated. The first question posed is how can a crime that cant be punished be illegal? How can we outlaw something that no government, law, or individual can persecute another for? Back in the earlier years of this country suicide used to be treated with a common law, governing all forms of the same type of suicide. However, the common law must always be updated in this ever changing society.Back when the precedent was decided there was no need so assisted suicide because the people with the illnesses would simply pass away, but today where theres life support and other means of memory sick patients bouncy, now we must choose where to draw the line in that individuals suffering. There are different tiers of being alive. The fact that someone is breathing doesnt mean that theyre alive. One whitethorn say that their life is running, playing with fa mily, writing books, or painting pictures. This life is taken away from them when theyre sentenced to a hospital bed with tubes keeping them alive and no way to interact with others.They dont want to ever let themselves get to the point where their family has to see them like that, and its an honorable, selfless thing to do. Human beings have certain unenumerated rights, sometimes known as natural rights, those not to be construed to deny or persecute others retained by the people. Upon looking into the words of this phrase in the Ninth Amendment, we see that this amendment is apparently stating a sense of equality. If we apply this to the case of assisted suicide, the vast majority of Americans have the natural right that is life.If we were to break down the spirit of the word life, let it be seen that, as formerly stated, life has different acceptable meaning depending upon circumstances. The law cannot be taken at face value in this case and must be interpreted accordingly. Lif e, for one whitethorn mean freedom, and in this case the only freedom a terminally ill patient has is in death. The patient needs freedom, freedom from the constraints of suffering, freedom to move on to a better place than they are in now, whether that be a religious place, reincarnation, or a hole in the ground.As stated earlier there is a quandary in this argument when finance enters into play. We might ask ourselves why our government is so adamant on keeping us alive. Through legislation, passed by a man that became our president, it appears that a financially stable families can keep their loved ones alive even against the wishes of her husband who has the power of choice, bandage those not able to pay for life support must watch their loved one die as the feeding tube is removed against their will.The question of preservation of life is miniscule in this example. The real reasoning behind certain groups advocating for life is because of monetary gain, they force an individua l who cannot communicate his wishes to continue living an unexamined life on his death bed, while the man who does have a say cannot choose his own path. This brings forward the one of the focal points of this paper can and individual violate their own rights.The government is put in place to protect our individual rights and freedoms, and they use that title to protect our right to life by not letting us choose. psyche can violate the rights of another and be sent to jail in which their rights are revoked until their time is served, but are the consequences the same for one who attempts suicide? The answer is no, a human being may have the right to life, but that life cannot be violated by themselves. I can say this because of the inherent freedoms allowed by the Bill of Rights.In these, Americans are given freedoms to be their own person, to worship, and express themselves completely and richly within constraints of their own person. As long as the rights of other humans are not directly, or even indirectly, put at risk there is no fear of conviction. To explain further I must say that we cannot violate our own rights in the legal sense. If we are to take our own life, it is our right to, and one cannot be held accountable for their choices pertaining to themselves. This leads us to the discussion of positive and negative rights.Positive rights are those that countenance or allow action, whereas negative rights are those who permit or allow inaction. For example, a person may want to be assisted in their suicide, and that should be their positive right to do so, but their physician, who may not morally agree with the procedure, has the negative right to refer the patient to a different doctor. This comes up most frequently in the case of abortion where the doctor may not want to go through with it for moral reasons, but the patient still has the right to have the procedure.This is important in the distinction because a person who does not agree with assis ted suicide has the negative right not to have the procedure done on their death bed, and the fact that the wishes of other are not imposed on them is showing the freedom this country has not fully applied on both ends of the spectrum. They should have the right not to have the procedure done if they dont want it, just as much as the person who wishes to have it should be allowed that right. Liberalist Thomas Szasz writes that, If freedom is self-ownershipownership over ones own life and bodythen the right to end that life is the most basic of all.If others can force you to live, you do not own yourself and belong to them. This is exactly what the framers of our constitution wanted us to believe in, self-ownership, freedom, and the pursuit of happiness. What better way to prove that the individual purely owns himself than to be able to make his own decisions up until and including death. terminus In conclusion, the proof if right in our own Constitution, and in the precedent set in other(prenominal) court cases and actions of the government.The right to a physician assisted suicide should be a part of our freedoms just as much as abortion, freedom of religion, and freedom of expression. The Bill of Rights sets up certain unwritten rules that everyone should have equal access to, and it should be stated that the right to life can intrinsically be attributed to death as well. There are already states with legislation in order, but it will take an act of government to make it federally acceptable. The arguments against suicide either come from the slippery slope argument or from an argument from morality.As we can see, the slippery slope argument has no proof or clear-sighted acceptance, unless more proof from trial comes forth, and since there are already states which have enacted legislation on the subject, and no problems have arisen, we can justify the disregard for such an argument. The argument from morality also holds no crusade because morality is dif ferent in each individual being, and we cannot make another mistake in our practice of government such as letting the thoughts of the many outweigh the few who have a perfect equality.It is stated that we all have our own freedoms, which cannot be violated either by ourselves or by our government. The protections that are placed upon us are inalienable by any means, and it is contradictory to say that were violating our own rights and should be held accountable by anyone except for ourselves. To finish, I hope I have shown equal research, and voided enough counter arguments, to show that and rational being must be able to accept the advise of assisted suicide from the view of legal equality and representation. Ill end with two quotes that speak volumes to the desires of these terminally-ill people.

Marketing and Soft Drink Concentrate Essay Example for Free

Marketing and Soft Drink Concentrate EssayThe filth Rasna is possess by Pioma Industries that introduced the concept of Soft Drink Concentrate (SDC), a atom that had been created and nurtured by the union in the Indian beverages Market. The tarnish was originally launched by the earn of Jaffe in 1976 and grocery storeed with the help oneself of Voltas, but was renamed to Rasna in 1979. When the product did not do as well as it was expected, in 1983, the advertising was handed over to an advertising influence named Mudra Communications Ltd. Pioma Industries Limited is perhaps not a familiar name for the average Indian consumer. just Piomas brand Rasna is in truth well known. In fact, the name Rasna is almost a generic name for soft wassail concentrates in Indian beverages market. Rasnas extremely popular advertisements with the tagline I love you Rasna had eng finish uper an integral part of the Indian advertising folklore. In March, 2002, Pioma announced a radical ov erhauling of its strategies for the Rasna Brand. This development was kinda unexpected, as the brand had been lying dormant since foresighted. Rasna is the market attractor in the 250 Crore Indian soft tope concentrate persistence. The SDC industry is miniscule comp bed to the 5000 crore carbonated soft drink industry (CSD).The fine-grained soft drink concentrate industry is worth around 90 crore. During the 80s, Soft Drink Concentrate (SDC) was not a known concept. For the consumers, Soft Drinks were just the aerated drinks which could be purchased in bottles and were usually consumed outdoors. Rasna came, and changed the whole heed set. COMPETITORS IN THE merchandise As the pi atomic number 53ers in Concentrated Soft Drink Industry in India, Rasna, never had to saying any threatening from any of its competitors, be it a global player or a belittled local company.Powder concentrate occupy 85% of the total soft drinks concentrate market. hither, in this study, we ar con sidering both Powder and Syrup CSD as competition for the Brand Rasna. Fol misfortunateing atomic number 18 some of the competitors who move to make their mark in the 250 Crore Indian soft drink concentrate industry 1. Tang- kraft paper Foods. 2. Sunfill- coca plant dope. 3. Fanta Fun Times- coca Cola. 4. Sugarfree Dlite- Zydus Cadila. 5. Kissan Mr Fruit- Hindustan Unilever. The journey of a brand is not eer easy. The market is very dynamic and a brand call for to keep a track of the changes in the market. Rasna had to face such(prenominal) challenges too. provided it is the resurrection this brand has shown, through strategic marketing, in all instances that makes it stand out and lead the market. MARKET SHARE Rasna has al agencys been recognised at large for Brand and Company. It ranks No. 1 in the beverages fellowship as Most Trusted Brand of India. It is listed among the top 15 brands in the country. It was awarded as the most alike(p) brand in the SDC category at the F MCG Most Preferred Awards 2003 and 2004 and Consumer World Award 2004. It has pioneered not precisely with its strong marketing strategies but also with its proper scaled dispersal chain.Rasna has always concentrated on its marketing and brand building and has achieved an expertise in flavour technology. Its efficient management in ware and market environments has harnessed to bring to the global consumers, technologically superior products in fruits, vegetables, beverages and confectioneries and to stand as the leader in processed food industry. Rasna has adequate and in-depth knowledge and information on Market sizes and behaviours, Growth prospects, run across Viabilities, Government Policies, Finances etc.and access to more, enabling the company to respond fast to any proposal with equal recommendation.It believes that there is a huge and emerging market for Rasnas kind of product range, all over the world. Rasna is capable of managing global sized manufacturing set-ups wo rking on the most advanced technologies to cater to the huge markets, locally and globally. Rasna has managed to dominate the colossal SDC market because of its massive International operations. One of Rasnas biggest strength is its marketing and sales set-up, through which millions of customers worldwide is experiencing the flavour of satisfaction.It provides a strong and pro-active marketing support to its distributors and importers around the world- just so that their products stand out and apart on the shelves. Timely delivery schedules of its products anywhere in the world are what gull helped them to reach a strong position in the global market. Rasna has its offices in the adjacent countries * nation forces and Canada * UK and Europe * Saudi Arabia * Russia * Fiji This strong chain of distribution to large number of countries within a stipulated issue of cartridge clip has helped the brand gain a reputation in the market.It has also helped Rasna in creating enormous backup relations all over the globe. The countries which imports Rasna products globally are as under In recent years, the brand has had to face off challenges, though not from its direct competitors. International soft drink giants like Coca-Cola (Sunfill) and Kraft Foods (Tang) have introduced competitor products in the market. PepsiCo India too is gearing to launch a glucose-based ready-to-drink beverage under the Lehar brand that will be sold at price point of Rs. 5 for a 200 ml stock-keeping unit.All of them have deep marketing pockets and standard products to lure customers away from Rasna. Even the profile of Rasnas target audience is changing. Kids today are a lot more aware, and their parents dont mind buying more expensive ready-to-drink products, which the MNCs have. But, true to its entrepreneurial spirit, Rasna is not about to stage any ground to its rivals. Though some analysts feel that Rasna has been slow to react to the competition, Piruz Khambatta, Chairman, Rasna , still dismisses the challenge saying water is our totally competition. According to the 2010 data, Rasna leads the SDC market.The market partings of Rasna and all the competitors are as follows * Rasna- 97. 2 % * Coca-Colas Sunfill 2% * Sugarfree Dlite- 0. 2% * Kissan Mr Fruit- 0. 1% and * Tang- 0. 5%. COMPARTIVE STUDY ON 4 Ps SCALE The Marketing Mix Here in this study of the Brand Rasna, we are comparing the brand with its competitors available in the market on the scale of the 4 Ps. The 4 Ps of the marketing mix are 1. Product. 2. Price. 3. Promotion. 4. Place. Product Line of Rasna Rasna began with 9 flavours in 1982, and added the 10th in the year 1987. The company was revamped in the year 2002.* In 2002, Rasna changed its look and came up with a new logo. * The tagline of the company was also changed and with a new tagline Relish a Gain, Rasna has try a deep penetration in the rural and semi-urban market. The recent product line of Rasna is as follows comprise group Si ze Flavour Price () Rasna Frootfun 32 codswallopes Orange, Mango, puke, Pinaple 35 Rasna Frootfun 12 specs Orange, Mango, lowlife 10 Rasna Freshfun 32 folde aims Shahi Gulab, Keshar Elaichi, Kool Khus, Cola Cola 35 Rasna Freshfun 12 glasses Shahi Gulab, Cola Cola 10 Rasna 1 ka 2 2 glasses Orange, Mango, Lemon 1.Rasna FrootPlus Jar 500 grams Orange, Mango, Lemon 85 Rasna FrootPlus Pouch 750 grams Orange, Mango, Lemon one hundred five Rasna FrootPlus Pouch 500 grams Orange, Mango, Lemon 75 Packing expand The operating product line of Rasna consists several sku. The company follows various pack size on carton basis. These pack sizes may vary depending on local market demand. The following table will give a general idea of the pack sizes. Sr. No. Product Units per Carton 1 Rasna glaring Drink (powder beverages) Laminate Pouch Packings A 3 gm pouch pack 50*60.B Single Serve pouch pack (12 gm pouch-orange) 10*12*6 C 25 gm single serve sachet 12*2*12 D 250 gn refill packs 36 E 500 gm refill packs 24 F 750 gm standby refill packs 15 G 1 kg standby refill pack 15 H Litro packs 1 ltr 12*10 Glass Jar Packings A 250 gm glass jar 40 B 500 gm glass jar 20 C 750 gm sleek glass jar 15 charge plate jar packing 1 kg 15 OTS tin Packing 900 gm tin 15 1. 5 kg tin 6 2. 5 kg tin 6 2 Litro Pack Instant Drink Pouch suitable to make 1 litre 12*10 3 Gofrut Instant Drink (5gm pouch) 72*10 4 Shakeup Instant Drink . 25 gm single serve pack 24*30 150 gm standby pouch 108 5 Rasna Lite 250 gm jar 15 6 Rasna Soft Drink Concentrate 32 glass pack 200 7 Rasna Single Serve Iced Tea 9 gm 14*24*20 Whereas Rasna has so many different varieties of drinks (flavours) and in so many different sized packets its competitors are lacking behind in both flavours and availability of different amount of money packs. The Price of Rasna Accessing all socio-economic course Rasnas sole goal has been always to make profit with the volume sale. The pricing strategy has always been the key of Rasnas success.It targeted the mass rather than the class. * Rasna has always made its products in such a way that it can be accessible to all socio-economic classes. * Its volume sale starts at as low as 1 popular in the name of 1 ka 2. * The added sugar product Rasna Frootplus starts from 2 and goes up to 105 for the family pack. * The box pack has a starting price of 10 which can make 12 glasses of drink and is known popularly as 10 ka 12. * The family box pack is available at 35 which is enough for 32 glasses of water. * Rasna has some skus which are very interesting for regular use.The air penny-pinching jar has different pack size with price range starting from Rs. 75. The company is constantly instruction on the rural market of India. So, true pricing is very important for the companys growth. For Rasna, accurate pricing has been the key growth driver. They understood that the Indian market is highly segmented. And making products targeting each segment has helped a lot. Whereas pricing has been the key growth factor for Rasna, the competitors have not been able to enjoy that bring in of pricing. Only Tang is available at a sachet of 2 which is again meant for making 1 glass of drink.Likewise, the other competitors cannot even come close to the pricing strategy of Rasna. Promotion Adding an Emotional Touch Rasna has from its origin relied heavily on advertisement. The famous mass media campaign, I love you Rasna was one of Indias longest course TV ad. * The promotion of Rasna always highlighted a strong connection with its customers through brand association. * Rasna has always created a brand value by emotionally attaching the customer to their brand. * Focus of the promotion is always to promote the persona of Rasna.* Rasna spends a lot on Research on the target audience, and promotes there products accordingly. * Rasna has utilize child characters in their advertising campaigns, and through them the company emphasised on the quality of products which was an effective way of promotion. * Rasna has done a great deal to understand the pain of summer and to deliver a product which will consolation the pain. This kind of unique and innovative marketing ideas and campaigns made Rasna the monopoly in the Soft Drink Concentrate industry till the time the competitors entered the market.Even now, no brand has been able to beat the promotional campaigns of Rasna. Going by the set standards of Rasna, we can say that the competitors have spent very less time and money sagaciousness the Indian market and the promotional activities that works in the India. Place Distribution Channel of Rasna The distribution wrinkle of Rasna follows 3 to 5 tier architecture. It follows the Super-Sub concept of distribution. The steps are as follows 1. First the product produced in a factory which is strategically located to minimise the transportation cost.2. The packed product is sent to various company depots across the country to distrib ute and meet the respective market demand. 3. From the company depot, the product is delivered to the different super stockists according to their previously placed order. 4. Then the goods are sent to the sub stockists or in some cases to the wholesale store. 5. The secondary sale from the super stockist or the sub stockist is ensured by the constant supervise by the company personal. Rasna follows different distribution channel model according to local market demand.But for every model the end goal of the company is to deliver a quality product to the end user. With a distribution channel consisting of 35 depots across the country and 1. 8 million retail outlets Rasna is pass over to be the leader. Among the competitors the only one that has a good and competitive network of distribution is Sunfill by Coca Cola, but still they are not able to compete as availability with retailers is not as widespread as Rasna. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE The competitive advantages of Rasna are listed below* Being the Pioneer in the market Rasna is well known and very much self-assertioned in the Indian market. * Being in the market for a long time, Rasna knows the Indian taste the best. * Having 7 state of the art fruit units across the country, the production is never disturbed for any reason. * Because of the widespread distribution network, it is more close to the public. * The marketing strategies used by the company are of superior standard. * Last but not the least, the pricing of the product, which is so low that it is affordable by the lowest segment of the pyramid also.The competitive advantages of Tang are * Being one of the largest brands of the world, Tang has the sustainability even if it is hit at the beginning. * Tang is available in variety of flavours based on local consumers preference. * Tang is fortified with vitamins and minerals. * It is available as powdered and ready to drink bottles. * The powdered Tang is available at low cost. The Competitive advant ages of Sunfill are * Being a brand owned by Coca Cola, the distribution cost is cheaper, so can offer the product at a low and competitive price.* The taste is superior compared to other competitive brands. * Setting up of a production unit close to the target customer segment will help in better marketing. * The company can spend substantial amount on advertising and promotion. The Competitive advantages of Sugarfree Dlite are * It is a brand owned by a medical company, so people have trust in the product. * It contains no sugar, so it is healthier. * Has medicinal advantages. * Helps in controlling blood sugar level, at the corresponding time gives the pleasures of a soft drink.The Competitive advantages of Kissan Mr.fruit are * It is there in the market for a long time, so knows the customer taste and preferences. * Tastier than many of the competitor products. * Supply chain is quite strong as its a product owned by Hindustan Unilever. SUGGESTIONS FOR GAINING UPPER MARKET SHAR E As we cerebrate the study on the No. 1 Soft Drink Concentrate in India, Rasna, I have the following suggestions to make so that the company can gain more market share and widen to be the leader of the industry Product- In terms of product, the following can be done1. pass judgment to minimise waste in production, so that the cost of production comes down further. 2. Venture into new products, like ready to drink bottled drinks. 3. Try producing sugar free products so that even a diabetic uncomplaining can enjoy the drinks. 4. Health drinks and energy drinks is another field where the company can venture into. 5. retrospective integration is another option that can be suggested to minimise the cost of production. Price- the Company can be more price effective and in turn can gain more market share if, 1.More products are offered in the lower price category. 2. Price be reduced for the larger quantity cartons or bottles. 3. New and introductory products are sold for lesser pric e so that people are interested in trying the new things. Promotion- In terms of promotion, the company can follow the following suggestions 1. Use newer and cheaper modes of advertisement, like the social networking sites. 2. Spend more on Banners, posters, Hoardings. 3. Stop the use of sportspersons and celebrities, as the identical doesnt have a long standing effect on the general public.4. Remove the time lag between the promotion and the availability of new products in the market. Place- Place plays a vital role in the success of a company or a brand. The following are my recommendations for improving the market share 1. Go to the newer potential places which have not been tapped earlier. 2. The untimely dispatch of goods from the depot to the super stockist needs to be taken care of as it may lead to cancellation of order bookings. 3. Unavailability of goods at real periods needs to be taken care of with a proper distribution control.4. Promotional events along with the dist ribution of brochures, stickers and leaflets should be done through sub-stockists and retailers which will help in increasing the brand value.References During the preparation of this project, help and references has been taken from many web sites and blogs and articles. They are mentioned here -Rasna Pvt Ltd. Official site. -Wikipedia-the free encyclopaedia -Puneet Tandon Blogs -Economic Times -Times of India Articles -4psbusinessand marketing. com.

Draft MOU with Diponegoro university Essay Example for Free

Draft MOU with Diponegoro university bear witnessThis scrollof Understanding(MoU) recordstheintentionofDiponegoro University, in particular its Business School, (hereinafter referred to as DU) and the Institute of Management Technology (hereinafter referred to as IMT) to cash in ones chips unneurotic to establish one or more arrangings for international. academic collaboration.It is made as a non binding motion of good testament between the two institutions. Period of Agreement ThisMoUshallbecomeeffectiveonthedateoffinalsigningand allow forberenewableevery 5 years upon the common consent of some(prenominal) parties.This MoU may be revised or cancelledby mutual write consent by the signatories or their designated representatives. Other matters not covered by this memoranda shall be decided by mutual agreement and may be subject to the conclusion of formal written contracts between us. The parties shall review the operation of this Memorandum on an annual basis. Purpose an d Areas of Potential Collaboration DU and IMT share an aspiration to 1. Promote the commute of qualified graduate students, enrolled on their respective postgraduate degree programs, who ordain be admitted according to the ledger entry regulations of the waiter institution2. Promote the flip-flop of readiness for joint teaching and research 3. Promote collaborative research in areas of mutual interest with a view to publishing by joint typography 4. Organize joint International hosts/seminars, symposia and lopshops 5. Develop some(prenominal) early(a) programs mutually agreed upon during the extent of this MOU. The exploitation of a collaborative relationship between the parties is subject to A. The approval of the relevant authorities of both DU and IMT and exit be subject to norms procedures of academic standards of both the partner Institutions.B.Obtaining all necessary or advisable governmental, regulative or other relevant approvals, consents or licenses. The pa rties agree to the following for the period of this agreement, subject to specific agreement at any particular time Student Exchange 1. The parties shall exchange a maximum of 5 graduate students per year, with parity to be achieved over the period of this MoU. If parity is not achieved, the parties agree not to crave financial or other compensation 1. Exchanges shall be arranged for a maximum of two semesters/terms.The period ofstudy maybe followedby aninternship,thearrangementsforwhich shallbeagreedbythepartiesinadvanceofthecommencementoftheexchangeto comply with any visa regulations 2. Students participating in the program will be certain as non-award candidatesbythehostinstitution,providedthattheyfulfilltheadmission requirements of the host institution.Since instruction in both the institutions will be conducted in English, students selected for exchange must(prenominal) satisfy- the minimum language requirements unremarkably required by the host institution for exchange stu dents 3. The students shall be selected on the basis of an excellent academic background, excellent command of the subject-specific language required fortheir integration to the chosen course of study strongmotivationtostudyforthe academic program offered by the host institution and the maturity to live and study in a foreign environment.4. Students will be nominated and recommended in writing by an official representativeoftheir cornerstoneschool/institution. Followingthereceiptofthe applicationmaterial,thehostschool/institutionwillprovidethenecessary assistance and certificate to satisfy visa requirements and other formalities, such as health insurance 5. The parties will assist exchange students to find suitable accommodation and insurance.Accommodation and mess facilities will be provided at IMT 6. The selected exchange students of DU and IMT shall recompense their current tuition feestotheirrespectivehomeschool I institution i. e. DU or IMT, prior . to participation in the p rogram, at the dates normally specified by their respective home school I institution for the payment of such fees 7. The parties will agree in advance the credits that exchange students will be required to take.Non-award course work may not be used at a later time to fulfill requirements for a degree program, and students may not change academicobjectives 8. All expenses including air fare, local travel, health insurance, accommodation, fare etc. will be borne by the student. Faculty Exchange, Research and Conferences1. The parties shall exchange an agreed number of faculty members and specialists basedontheavailabilityofopeningsandthenumberofqualifiedfaculty members interested in participating in the program 2. Exchange faculty will remain employees of their home institution for the purposes of terms and conditions of employment3. The home institution shall cover international travel expenses while the hostinstitution shall, on the basis of reciprocity, cover local transportation , accommodation and hospitality for exchange of faculty. Otherdetails,including the financial arrangements, will be agreed on a case to case basis4. No later than ninety (90) days before the start of each academic year both partieswillpresentalistofnominatedfacultymembersalongwiththeir credentials to each other for participation in the program for the upcoming academic year- 2011-12 5. The parties agree to organize joint international conference/seminars, symposia andworkshops commission joint research projects and exchangeof publications.Governance and leadership The Director of IMT-Nagpur, Dr. Rajendra Nargundkar and the Professor-Faculty of Economics- Dr. Waridin of Diponegoro University, Indonesia or their designees will provide the aged leadership within their respective organizations to move the venture forward.Exchange of information Each party will exchange information with the other with a view to understanding whether it would be effective and practical for the institutio ns to work together. Confidentiality ThisMemorandumandanyinformationprovidedinconnectionwithitmaynotbe disclosedtoanythirdpartyotherthan(a)thepartiesprofessionaladvisers(b)asrequired by law or a relevant regulatory authority (c) with the prior written consent of the other party or (d) where the information has come into the public domain through no fault of the party wishing to disclose it.Intellectual Property Unlessagreedotherwiseinwriting,anyIntellectualPropertyrightsbelongingtothe parties,whetherinexistenceatthedateofthisMemorandumorcreatedduringthe course of it, shall belong to the respective parties. promotional material 1. The parties will not include the name or logo of the other party in any advertising or publicity material with fall out the prior approval of the other party on a case-to-case basis. 2. Neither party will do anything which in the reasonable opinion of the other, would damage the others composition and/or business. Disputes 1. The parties shall attempt to resolve in good faith any dispute arising between them out of the operation of this Memorandum. If the dispute cannot be resolved informally, it shall be referred to the Head of the Business School of DU and the Director of IMT- Nagpur Dr. Rajendra Nargundkar. 2. This Memorandum shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws in India/Indonesia.3. Any dispute arising out of the operation of this Memorandum shall be finallysettled by arbitration under the Rules of Arbitration and Conciliation of the International put up ofCommerce by two ormore arbitratorsappointed under those rules. The place of arbitration shall be New Delhi and the dispute resolution transactions shall be in English.This MOU is signed by the parties on this 17th day of September 2010 at Nagpur (India) and the parties constitute affixed their Seals. ForINSTITUTEOF MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY- NAGPUR. (Dr. Rajendra Nargundkar) Director. SEAL For DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY, SEMARANG-50241, INDONESIA. (Dr. Wari din) Professor- Faculty of Economics.

Organizational Behaviour Case Study Essay Example for Free

organisational Behaviour Case Study EssayCases Automation in the risings Store and The Night bird of night respond Service Part 1) The field of Organizational Behavior is one that is very burning(prenominal) when it comes to managing deal and to make them work effectively. This begins with companionship. In order to understand these cases it is important to look at both the mental synthesis and purlieu of the community. In the case of the Automation in the Book Store, the company is a medium surface bookstore. Because this company is a bookstore with very few employees in that location is not a high take aim of formalization, less specialization and less authority. Therefore, it has an organic structure. Employees dont have a lot procedures and rules that they must abide by while doing their jobs. In fact the initial company policy required employees to stay with the customer they were dowry from the time they walked into the store until the exchange was made. Also, there was not a great deal of standardization in that there was not a set procedure on how employees did their work, rather it was a freer fundamental law because there were very few employees and this resulted in greater flexibility.Look more thanstarbuck problem essayThese facts all changed formerly the new computer system was implemented. This system presented employees with some degree of formalization and standardization in their jobs because directly there were precise rules and procedures on how to deal with customers. This includes entering an ID number every time a sale was made and closing the store with the system. Also, because this bookstore was not use to high levels of formalization in the past, the slaying of the cookery program was affected. There were no instructions on how to close at the end of the mean solar day in training. The coach-and-four had to come in and prep ar a hand-written set of instructions about this routine. This is a sign of bad de sign and implementation. Also, because the company is more centralized than decentralized, the precaution must follow engineer offices requests. This is the exact same thing with employees who must listen to the manager even though the employees were apprehensive, particularly the elder staff, about new system. Again, the design of the training program, which was quoted as pretty skimpy and patronizing, was other sign of miserable design.However, because the structure of the company was somewhat centralized they had to the training harmonise to the way head office and management wanted. The structure of The Night Owl Answering run was that it was betwixt mechanistic and organic. This call center was more mechanistic because it was more centralized and more specialization where each individual had a specific role. dog was amenable for technology, sales and marketing. bloody shame was responsible for training. This type of structure affected the training because of speciali zation. Nobody else was responsible for training, so when Mary passed away, everyone else specialized in a different area which left training to be an open mess. Only Mary knew the system the best because she specialized in this. This left the company scrambling to date from and in turn designed a training program that proved to be ineffective and mischievously implemented. There was only one lady responsible for training. In the case of Automation in the Book Store and The Night Owl Answering Service it is important to look at the organizations environment.In these dickens cases, the organizations both faced environmental uncertainty. Every organization has the potential for environmental uncertainty. This uncertainty created a deplorable design for training. This was one of the major similarities in both of these cases. This is when management or people of the organization hypocrisy really predict what is going to happen. The cases with Automation in the Book Store and The Nig ht Owl Answering Services had faced environmental uncertainty that prove to be frustrating and challenging. However, because both of these companies had static environments, that is a company that remain fairly stable over time and had the least amount of uncertainty, they were sensitive to change. In The Night Owl Answering Service the head of training, Mary, passed away. This was an unpredictable event. It was clearly evident that there was no back up to Mary. Because this company was so used to certainty, it caught them off guard, particularly Bob. In the medium coat bookstore the company had followed the same procedures to ring up sales until it introduced its new system.It took one month for the company to adapt. Again, both companies instruct employees in such a way that proved to be ineffective. This center these both organizations ability to adapt to environmental change was lamentable. Its also important to discuss away environmental factors or outside factors that ha ve a direct effect on the company, which in turn affected training. The answering services company had a good reputation for customer service but when the senior operators started release they hired new people and train very rapidly to get people on the band and take calls. Therefore, the foreign factor here would be the customer. In The Night Owl Answering Services the customer was always the number one priority because they had a prestige reputation on customer service they wanted to continue providing services in a timely manner. This directly affected the training design and implementation because trainers wanted the trainees on the phone as soon as possible to coiffe the clients of the company because they were short staffed. As a result of this, the trainers wanted to get trainees on the phone quickly which resulted in an implementation and design that proved to be ineffective.Trainees were expected to learn through trial and fault style of training. fourth-year operat ors were forced to take calls and train at the same time. This resulted in slower operators and higher(prenominal) errors and more complaints to the call center, which lead to clients (external factor) leaving the call center and find business elsewhere. This company was so focused on getting trainees on the phone, they ignored the fact they lacked the basic phone etiquette and computer skills. Senior Management was continuously on the phone, with out breaks. In The Automation in the Book Store the external environment component that should be discussed is technology. Like every other company, it must keep up with technology and accept current business practices. They were entering an era where technology was becoming widespread and they needed a system to calculate the GST. This is a reason why the bookstore decided to take on the new computer system. The organizations employees were reluctant to have it but didnt have a choice and had to keep up with external technological factors .The company was highly sensitive to this environmental change, which was external, but when the system was implemented, it became an internal factor. There was positive turbulence in this organization. There ability to adapt to systematic change, the new computer system would be considered systematic turbulence. Systematic turbulence looks at how a company deals with a change in the environment change. This is evident is the case with Automation in the Bookstore. . Part 2) Motivational effects are very important aspects of an organization. People have to be motivated to join and remain in organizations. They also have to put up out their basic work reliability in terms of productivity, quality, and services, requirements and should always interact to accomplish their goal. These are some examples that if were missing in an organization, employees and members of the company began to lose interest and be less motivated. This was the case with these devil organizations. One of the major similarities was that both companies faced poor training design and implementation. In Automation in the Bookstore the training was tire and ineffective, which had motivational effects. Lisa was an employee who worked in a medium sized bookstore and was entirely dissatisfied with the design of the training. Unfortunately, the training was a mandatory requirement to understand the new system.The inaugural ii days started off by having to watch two half an hour videos which Lisa found to be boring and insulting. On the third day of training it went d throwhill. The computer system was not on training style the way it was suppose to be. Also, there were no instructions on how close at the end of the day. The manager had to come in and prepare handwritten set of instructions. This caused a lot of problems and created frustration for all members of the organization including management and head office, who wanted to assign blame to someone. The operation of the system was not going according to plan and this got the trainees upset and confused about the policies of the system. Some parts of the training were vague and the continuous frustration had disconfirming motivational effects. Similarly, The Night Owl Answering Services faced great training problems when Mary died, that evidently created negative motivational problems. Bob was forced to take over training without much knowledge of how to do so, which was also a big problem. Senior operators were forced to work extra hard with no breaks, while at the same time train a new person.New operators were poorly trained and did not know how to handle calls. All these factors started showing in the office environment. These factors inevitably caused negative motivational effects. For example, intrinsic motivations were clearly not met in this organization. Intrinsic is defined as the direct relationship between the worker and the task. In the call center the task was frustrating and created anxiety. If the se factors werent here there would be more interested in the position. However, because the training was so poorly done, the intrinsic motivation factor was not world met and created less motivation. It is also important to discuss the Maslows Need Theory and how it applies to these two cases. The needs theory enjoins involve BEHAVIOR INCENTIVE AND GOALS. Both of these organizations both fit the physiological needs, which include the basic human needs. In safety needs it includes freedom from anxiety, and a structured ordered environment. The safety needs were not be met. Both organizations faced stress and anxiety, particularly the call center, which effected motivation.Results of poor motivation create poor quality of work. The training was poor and it would reflect on the quality of work being performed because they are no longer motivated to work with all the stress factors. Hertrzberg theory should be looked at as well. The first factor is the hygene factor. This includes r elationship with fellow employees, security and other various factors. In order for employees to not rule less motivated or dissatisfied is if all these factors are in place. If all these factors are in place you will not feel unsatisfied but that doesnt necessarily mean that you will be satisfied. It unsloped means not being unsatisfied. Both companies didnt even get past the hygene factor of just not being unsatisfied. The second factor of Hertzbergs theory talks about is motivation. This is a sense of proceeding and recognition, which would play different in each company. This doesnt have a great effect on the bookstore because their situation was short term in compared to the call center. If the company cant even properly trained there is no chance of being recognized or feel a sense of achievement.The cases state that the trainees felt like they were being under attack by the senior staff. That would have a negative affect and create decrease motivation. There is no room for job enrichment that in turn means no enhancement in intrinsic motivation. Overall the similarities with respect to the training and the two companies were that of implementation and design. The training program was poor due to various reasons as stated in the report. One of the major differences to lineage was that the call center issue was a more complex problem and more of a long-term problem. The bookstore training was more of short-term problem. The problem only lasted about a month. Also another difference to note is that the bookstore had a smaller number of employees, so lookling the problem was a bit easier.In the call center there were various problems that were even more difficult to control because they had to meet client needs. In these two organizations there was lack of leaders. Particularly transformational leadership. This is when a leader makes his/her voice look beyond the task, or in this case the training, by observing the bigger picture or goal. Not doing t his would negatively effect motivation because the individual will then began to purse his or her own self-interest. In the case of the The Night Owl Answering Service, when Mary passed away, nobody was able to step up and show leadership. Because this particularity affected training, the person responsible for training should have demonstrated leadership morals to make them feel more positively motivated. Nobody had the leadership to motivate people to put frontwards their best efforts. There were no directive and supportive people in these organizations. The coaching was ineffective and the trainees had no proper direction. Automation in the bookstore did not face a great deal of leadership problems because again, it only employed about 6-8 people.