“Ah, Are You Digging My Grave” by Thomas Hardy Essay

â€Å"Ah, Are You Digging On My Grave?† by Thomas Hardy has six regular stanzas of six lines, which are written sequentially. The lines generally have eight syllables. In all but the second and last stanzas, the second and last lines of each stanza have six syllables. The rhyme scheme is regular, with the second and last lines rhyming and the three lines in between rhyming with each other. The meter is very irregular, with accents falling on different syllables. This quality was possibly inspired by the folk music of Hardy’s time. Another musical quality of this poem is that there is a refrain: â€Å"Ah, Are You Digging On My Grave?† In the second line, when the woman asks if the one digging is her â€Å"loved one? – planting rue?† the word ‘rue’ is a double entendre. Rue is a shrub that symbolizes sorrow, so the corpse is really asking her loved one both if he is planting flowers on her grave and if he is feeling sorrow about her death. When the woman’s kin say â€Å"No tendance of her mound can loose/ Her spirit from Death’s gin† they are referring to a gin as in a type of snare or trap used to catch animals. There is synecdoche in the phrases â€Å"the brightest wealth has bred† in the first stanza and â€Å"one true heart was left behind† in the fifth stanza. This poem also uses a lot of irony. The woman-corpse wants to believe that her former acquaintances remember her and are affected by her death, but she continually finds out that the opposite is true: they have little concern for her now that she is dead. Hardy uses personification with the corpse and the dog. He gives them human traits like the ability to speak and feel emotions. When the dog is burying a bone on his dead mistress’s grave, it symbolizes how the people she knew while she was alive now view her. To them, she is just a bunch of bones buried in the ground, and no longer of any importance. The central theme of this poem is that no love or hate outlasts death. There is a lot of disappointment in the poem, depicting death and the afterlife as tragic things. The black humor and irony reveals a sad message: the dead woman is forgotten and eternally lonely. The poem is also satiric, mocking the sentimentalism of continual devotion to the dead. Hardy takes a similar stance as the Feste in Twelfth Night.

Lawrence Joy Panged Jinn Jinn Shank Hannah Amanda

What are the various types of mallard? How do worms differ from viruses? D o Trojan horses carry viruses or worms? The various types of mallard are viruses, worms, Trojan horses, polymorphic threats, virus and worm hoaxes, back door or trap door, dentifrice's and distributed dentifrice's, and mail bomb. B. A virus must be executed such as opening an infected email attachment while a worm can be initiated with or without the user downloading or executing the e file. C. A Trojan horse carries neither a virus or worm. 2. Why does polymorphism cause greater concern than traditional mallard?Ho w does it affect detection? A polymorphic virus is a complicated computer virus that affects data types and functions. It is a selflessness virus designed to avoid detection by a scan near. Upon infection, the polymorphic virus duplicates itself by creating usable, alb tit slightly modified, copies of itself. Polymorphism, in computing terms, means that a single definition can be use d with varying amounts of data. In order for scanners to detect this type of virus fourscore programs must be written to combat and detect the polymorphic iris with novel variant configurations. Polymorphic virus might have a virus decryption n routine (AVID) and an encrypted virus program body (EVE). When an infected applicant launches, the AVID decrypts the encrypted virus body back to its original form so the virus can perform its intended function. Once executed, the virus is reentry De and added to another vulnerable host application. Because the virus body is not al tired, it provides a kind of complex signature that can be detected by sophisticated an diverts programs. 3. What is the most common violation of intellectual property? How does an org nation protect against it? What agencies fight it?The most common violation of intellectual property is theft, which is illegal taking of another's property. The value of information suffers when it is copies d and taken away without the owner's kn owledge. Within an organization, that prop retry can be physical, electronic, or intellectual. Physical theft is controlled relatively ease Electronic theft is a more complex problem; the evidence of crime is not read apparent. Physical theft can be controlled quite easily. A wide variety of mess urges can be used from simple locked doors to trained security personnel and the install action of alarm systems.Electronic theft, however, is a more complex problem to man GE and control. Organizations may not even know it has occurred. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPE), an organ of the United Nations, suggests laws t enforce Intellectual property rights worldwide. The convention of this organize action establishing on July 14, 1967 focuses on protecting the right of intellectual pro Perry. 4. How is technological obsolescence a threat to information security?

Cultural Diversity in India Essay

Cultural Diversity in India India has a history of thousands of years . People have been living in India since the Stone Age. People from different regions of the world came to India. They became one with the Indian culture . From this has evolved the composite Indian Culture. All of us living in different parts of the country are Indians. Though there is a variety in our languages, literature and art, as Indians, we all are one. It is this diversity which has created a sense of unity among the Indians. This diversity has enriched our social life. Indian Languages: Many languages are spoken in India. Hindi & English are the two languages used in our country. Marathi is the state language of Maharashtra. Festival Celebrations: People such as Hindus, Muslims, Buddhists, Sikhs, Christians, Jains, and Parsis etc belonging to different live in India. Different festivals are celebrated in India with lots of joys & happiness. Agriculture is the main occupation in our country . Many of our festivals are related to agriculture and environment. In Maharashtra, Dassera, Diwalil, Holi in Punjab Baisakhi, in Andhra Pradesh Eruvak Punnam, in Tamil nadu Pongal & in Kerala Onam are celebrated. Ramzaam – Id, Christmas, Buddha Pornima, Samvatsari, and Pateti are also important festivals. What ever religious festival all Indians happily participate in it. They greet one another, It increase the feeling of unity among them. Costumes & food: We find diversity in the clothing and food habits of Indians. Clothing depends upon the climate, physical feature & traditions of the respective regions. There is diversity in our foods habits too, due to climatic conditions crops and other geographical factors. For e. g. he people of Punjab eat dal – roti whereas people living in the coastal areas eat rice and fish. Shelter : In respective of constructions of houses also there is diversity . In the rural areas, many houses have wattle and daub walls. Some houses have tiled roofs. In areas of heavy rainfall, the houses have slopping roofs . In the places with scanty rains have houses with terraced roofs . In big cities, multi – storey buildings are seen. Sports & games: Many kinds of games are played in India since ancient times. We play different games such as tip – cat, chess, wrestling, phugadi, malkhamb, lagori, kabadi & kho-kho . Modern games are such as hockey and cricket are the two popular games played in India. Sports & games have an important place in out life. They help values like co-operation & solidarity Sport spirit it is more important than winning or losing. Art: Different arts such as dance, handicrafts, painting and sculpture have flourished in India. Since days of old , India had different styles of music. There are two main styles of Indian classical music. They are Hindustani music & Carnatic music. There are many folk music played in India . In India, the tradition of dances is very ancients. We have different variety of folk dances some ancient times; various types of handicrafts have developed in India. Artistic vases baskets and other decorative articles are prepared. The art of painting & sculpture has long tradition. It is originated from the Stone age period. For e. g. Ajanta Ellora caves Our country have rich historical heritage. Historical monuments are the wealth of our country. Very few countries in the world have such history and ancients culture.

Is democracy necessary to protect universal human rights Essay - 1

Is democracy necessary to protect universal human rights - Essay Example This leads us to the last premise, democracy and human rights are closely interlinked to a point that they strengthen each other and that they are inseparable. Meaning, each is vital to the other. If human rights define democracy, democracy facilitates the realization of human rights. In short, the necessity of democracy for the protection of universal human rights resides on the very principles, process, and nature of democracy. To explain further, each premise is discussed below. Premise 1: Democracy upholds the principles of universal human rights. To explain this premise entails a brief discussion on the concepts of democracy and human rights, because this premise rests its assertion on the very principles that these two concepts uphold. Human rights Donnelly (2003, 10) explains, ‘are literally, the rights that one has simply because one is human’. As such, he characterizes human rights to be equal, inalienable and universal. Meaning human rights are applicable to ev ery human being regardless of color, sex, and creed. It is absolute that it cannot be denied from any one. In fact to him, even those who behave badly are entitled to these rights since no one can stop one from being human. This perhaps is due to the fact that no man is perfect. Every one of us at one time or another in our lives commits mistakes. This however should not be misconstrued as a justification for violating one’s right, because as always said, in every right there is a corresponding responsibility. In other words, one’s exercise and enjoyment of his/her right should not obstruct nor limit another’s exercise of his/her right. A classic example of this is the exercise of one’s right to freedom of speech/expression. As Amnesty International states: your right to freedom of speech is limited by your responsibility not to say untrue things which will degrade another person and abuse their right to dignity and good reputation’ (cited in Sprin g 2000, 70). Meaning, one cannot make use of his/her right to freedom of expression by committing oral defamation or slander. This clearly illustrates that human rights should be exercise with respect for the rights of others. Thus human rights must reside on facts and truths. Therefore, human rights are rights that recognize the dignity which set human beings far above from other forms of animals, that violating any of it is a direct assault to human dignity. However, human rights unless justified and accepted would be useless. In practice today, human rights are justified by a constitution or declaration (Parsons 2004, 32-33). An example of which are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international treatises such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966; the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966; the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989; the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocid e, 1948; the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of racial Discrimination, 1965; the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984; and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 1979 (United Nations 2003). Notably though, these human rights instruments could only be possible under democracy. Why is it so, necessitates our understanding of democracy. Defining democracy is not simply an academic exercise but

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 6

Report - Essay Example also proposed 11 key proposals for new reporting models for businesses including the development and implementation of balanced scorecard and other important strategic alternatives. More recent debates on the changes in the financial reporting standards focus on the need to address the non-financial aspects of the business reporting. (Tayyebi, 2008). Thus this new monograph was also focused on the development of new reporting models for businesses which can address the forward looking information regarding the businesses and their viability. Corporate social responsibility standards as well as the reporting on intangibles were some of the themes which emerged in the new efforts made to revamp the accounting reporting standards. The current economic situation however, has relatively changed the way business is being done in the world. There emerged different themes which need to be addressed and integrated in order to make the monograph more pertinent to the current business environment. This paper will therefore provide follow up on this monograph and discuss as to what could be done about the current issues. New Reporting Models for Business was an effort to propose an alternative view on the way businesses use to report their overall affairs to the shareholders. The main aim of financial reporting is always to allow the shareholders to make sound judgment based on information provided in the financial statements of the business. What is however, significant to note that after the issuance of this monograph, new developments took place and world economy started to slide into decline. Old models of doing business almost failed to provide the results and as such the emphasis shifted on the need for having better and more comprehensive financial reporting standards which can help the shareholders and regulators to keep a check on the future viability of the businesses. What is critical about this monograph is the fact that it emphasized on the need for adapting

Operation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Operation management - Essay Example By the end of 2013, Apple has successfully launched seventh generation iPhones, namely iPhone 5C and iPhone 5S (â€Å"Q1 2014 Unaudited Summary Data†). iPhones have been extremely popular since its inception mainly owing to the unparalleled design and exclusive features as well as numerous software and applications to use. Since its launch, Apple has been able to create a niche set of loyal customers, which is continuously increasing in numbers. The net sales of Apple iPhones increased 9 percent from 156.5 dollars in 2012 to 170.9 billion dollars in 2013 (â€Å"Q1 2013 Unaudited Summary Data†). Overall units of iPhone sold were almost 150 millions in 2013 compared to 125 million in 2012 (â€Å"Q1 2013 Unaudited Summary Data†). Marketers and analysts have argued that increase in the sale of iPhone 5 is majorly due to its advanced software and greater facilities in terms of applications as well as attractive design. A survey including 4000 consumers from the US revealed that anticipation and rumours related to iPhone 6 has surpassed all other previously launched iPhones. Also, the number of consumers waiting to pre-order iPhone 6 is higher compared to that of iPhone 5 (â€Å"iPhone 5 Release Could Push Apple to 170 Million Units Sold Annually†). The release date of iPhone 6 is expected around September 2014, which is similar to other iPhone launches. Also, the new iPhone 6 will be available in two different sizes, along with a whole new design and advanced operating system. On the whole, Apple management is anticipating a huge revenue turnover following the launch of iPhone 6. In order to understand the sales forecast and trend for iPhone 6, the average global sales of iPhone after one month of its launch can be calculated. It is observed that a majority of the iPhone launches take place in August or September of a financial year. Furthermore, during these months, the festive season

Community teaching part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Community teaching part 2 - Essay Example Diabetes is widespread in the Mexican community and thus are eager to learn. The CDC has clear statistics that diabetes affects more Hispanics than other Americans. The disease causes pain, discomfort and disrupts the social welfare of the people. The Alma Ata declarations are poised to enhance the general health of the people and equity in access to health. The initiatives recognize that health is a factor of social economic, cultural and individual a behavioral factors. As reported by the CDC, the Hispanic community is highly vulnerable to diabetes and thus should be enlightened more about it to be at par with other Americans. At the end of the teaching, the participants will fill teacher and process evaluation forms. The forms will be anonymous and will not require personal details. Sample questions include; did the process meet your expectations? Did you learn something new about diabetes? How professional were the teachers? How organized was the presentations? Will the information you have gathered influence your future lifestyle decisions? The main problem will be education differences in the population. Some participants may have basic information about the disease and other may not be aware. In this regard, the teaching session will reconcile the two groups and start from scratch. I will start with an eye-catching PowerPoint video that will outline the basics of diabetes and the introductions of all items to be covered in the session. The participants will thus be eager to learn more about the contents. The session will end with a video on the disease. The video will provide testimonials of people who have managed to control diabetes and people who are at risk the diabetes but have managed to stay

The Girl in Hyacinth Blue in Manhattan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Girl in Hyacinth Blue in Manhattan - Essay Example The shower, too, was carpeted-a special type of water-proof carpeting. And finally, the walls were carpeted-water proof and dirt-proof. Across from Myra mounted on the wall was a painting of a young girl in blue; she was given the painting as a gift from a customer, and when faced with the dilemma of where to place it, she decided the bathroom would be best. It's the only time she sat down for more than a minute, after all. Myra was always busy. Her work followed her from the office back to her small apartment. She was an inventor. Her larger efforts involved magnetizing roads and cars, but she could also be credited with the invention of the water-proof carpeting that covered her bathroom, and many others across the city of New York. The bathroom was something of a lab to Myrna, and she was constantly testing out new ideas for carpeting. She was fiddling with a few new ideas currently, none of which were fully complete. Carpeting, it must be understood, was essential in Manhattan. New York was a hard city, and especially welcome to something that would round the corners of its acute, looming skyscrapers. The Hudson River has swelled so much, too, that water-proof anything was sure to be a best-seller. After a solid two hours of sleep, Myra awoke to the shoes of the little girl in the painting. She had somehow fallen asleep on the bathroom floor. Something about the girl in blue was so comforting. Perhaps that was why she placed it in the bathroom. But the girl is not herself surrounded by carpeting. How, Myra thought, could she be so at ease in a room full of jagged, hard edges What was protecting her Perhaps she was painted in a time far less dangerous, Myra reasoned. Myra brushed her teeth and left for work wearing the same thing as the day before, with childhood and comfort on her mind. The skies today were as unforgiving as a mother bear protecting her cubs (simile). It seemed that any small move could provoke hostility, could open the skies to let down floods not unlike those of the Hudson. It was cold and harsh, like the corners of the high rise steel buildings sprouting up all around Myrna (simile) on her walk to work. Cars now outlawed in Manhattan, streets were narrowed, leaving room for more and more buildings to be built. Myrna took her pocket-umbrella out and laughed to herself at fate of a once environmental friendly mandate given way to destruction of a different form. She made her way to her building, a three-hundred story high rise with the sign, "Carpet Your World", lit above the door, surrounded by green water-proof carpeting. There was no grass in Manhattan, only grass-like carpet. Myrna eyed the door; its two handles reached out to her, forcefully inviting her to enter (personification) the bane of an office lying a short distance beyond the doors. Not today. Today was not a day for working. Myrna kneeled down, picked an artificial flower from the bed of carpeting, and turned towardwell, anywhere except the office. Walking several blocks, Myrna stopped at the gate of Central Park. Paved over fifty years ago with cement, Myra's company had succeeded in carpeting the entire park in its latest faux grass line, like the green carpeting in front of her office building. The rain had stopped momentarily, and she lay down beside a large, comforting, artificial maple tree. Staring up into the sky, Myrna's thoughts fell on the painting in her bathroom. Outside of

Summary of recent PCAOB actions that impact an audit, its auditors and Research Paper

Summary of recent PCAOB actions that impact an audit, its auditors and its audit committee - Research Paper Example Moreover, the PCAOB oversees the registration of public accounting bodies responsible for auditing publicly traded companies, conducts disciplinary proceedings and investigations of registered firms, inspects the registered firms’ practices, and approves registered firms (Carmichael 6). Recently, The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) has suggested new guidelines aimed at investors’ protection via strengthening prerequisites for audit substantiation. One of these guidelines includes inspections, which is an effort by PCAOB to promote high quality audit. Annual inspection oversees the improvement of quality audit. PCAOB requires any audit firm auditing a public company to be registered with PCAOB. Such a firm is inspected annually by the PCAOB if it audits 100 or more publicly traded companies or after every three years if it audits less than 100 public companies (Knapp 62). Results obtained after inspection help point out areas which require further practice, audit guidance, reminders training, or enhanced skills leading to better performance by audit professionals. A report is prepared after every inspection by the PCAOB and made available to public. Recently, the PCAOB added more responsibilities to the audit committee which include responsibility of overseeing the work of external auditors, compensation, and appointment (Carmichael 25). The committee is obliged by SOX to comprise of at least one person with financial expertise in order to facilitate its duties. With some expertise, the audit committee is in a better position to challenge financial statements, ascertain the appropriateness and sufficiency of internal controls, and, if need be, perform certain accounting procedures to safeguard interests of Shareholders. Companies that lack a financial expert as a member of the audit committee are required to disclose and give an explanation for this in the yearly proxy

English Colonization Essay Example for Free

English Colonization Essay There is no other country than England that is so associated with colonization. Even though other countries like France, Spain, and even the United States have colonized countries, it is England who stands out because of the longevity of their practice of it. According to Merriam Webster, colonization means to make a colony which is a body of people living in a new territory but retaining ties with the parent state b: the territory inhabited by such a body. (Merriam Webster) The three most prominent acts of colonization of Great Britain are America, India, and Australia. During its peak, the British Empire was the largest in the world. There were many reasons for colonization and many of them were monetary reasons, but there were spiritual ones as well. One thing is certain and that is the effects of England on the countries she colonized will always be there. The effects run from the language spoken to the reproduction of the government. The reasons that England colonized the United States, Australia, and India were different for each country. The United States was referred to as America when England first colonized it. The main reason for the colonization was to obtain riches that would help England fight the Spanish Navy. The riches were not in abundance as the British hoped, but the natural resources that the â€Å"new world† offered would bring financial gain. Tobacco, indigo, rice, and cotton were the most prominent cash crops that were produced in the fertile ground of America. The only reason that the British colonized India was for trade. Raw materials and spices could be obtained in India and were a huge asset for the empire. The British dominated trade through protectionist measures that required Indian exports to be transported on British ships. The British focused on consolidating their sovereignty, acquiring lands by military conquest and by exploiting divisions among Indian states and religious groups. (The Story of India) The settlement of Australia was for trade and riches, but it was also for control and to have a base in the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific. Initially, relations between the explorers and the Aboriginal inhabitants were generally hospitable and based on understanding the terms of trading for food, water, axes, cloth and artifacts, a relationship encouraged by Governor Phillip. These relations became hostile as Aborigines realized that the land and resources upon which they depended and the order of their life were seriously disrupted by the on-going presence of the colonizers. ( European Discovery and Colonization of Australia) The effects of England’s colonization of the United States are still seen today. America desired independence from Great Britain, but still modeled her society on the mother country. The predominant language spoken is English and the predominant religion is Christianity as it is in Great Britain. At one time England was the most capitalistic country in the world and now the title belongs to the United States. In fact the economic system in the US is a mirror image of that in Great Britain. The US does not have a monarchy, yet Congress and Parliament are quite similar and the Prime Minister is similar to the position of president. The court system is also quite like that of the one in America. There is also a since of kinship between the United States and Great Britain. During the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, they have been the closest ally of the other. From fashion, movies, and music, these two countries mirror and rely on the other to compliment the endeavors of the other. The United States might have separated from Great Britain after the Revolution as far as the formation of a new government, but they have remained joined in all other aspects. The continent of Australia is now a dominion of Great Britain. They too share the same type of government and language as England. Besides these two effects, Australia has also been negatively affected by colonization. When the major cities were developed by the British, much of the surrounding native wilderness was destroyed by those who desired to clear the land for building and agricultural purposes. This clearing, destroyed the natural habitat of many plants and animals that were indigenous to the continent. So because of the British colonization, Australia’s natural resources are now different. The major effect of colonization of England on India was the modernization of the country. Great Britain brought many technological advances to the country and was instrumental in the transportation system of India. British spread new technologies such as the telegraph, railroad, and steam transportation throughout the region. This transportation network continues to flourish and grow to this day. (The Story of India) India is also affected by the language of Great Britain. Religion was a secondary reason for colonization in Australia and America. America was sparsely populated with different tribes of Native Americans. The Church of England felt that it should be its mission to make Christian out of these â€Å"savages† who lived in the new world. Since the tribes were not united, it was easier to infiltrate and push the religion on the natives. The same was true in Australia. The continent was thinly populated and the Aborigines were the only true natives of the island. This also made it easier for the Church of England to do the mission work that it intended to do. However, India was quite a different story. It was a country that was densely populated and the people were not as diversified as the tribes in America. Hinduism was an established religion that was difficult to penetrate the ideas of Christianity. The native Indians had such an established culture that the British made the least impression on them than the other two countries. Some ideas of modern society have infiltrated the Indian culture, but the majority of the culture is the same. The Native Americans were mistreated by the English colonist and this thought carried through the next few generations to the point that they were pushed back by the British settlers. They were eventually stripped of their land and now the majority of the Native Americans live on reservations. The Aborigines, the native Australians, are presently in a transformation of acceptance by the English settler’s decedents. For years they were extremely prejudiced against and even had their children stolen from them in the mid twentieth century. The children were taken to orphanages and then farmed out to white families in an attempt to allow them to mingle and eventually breed the native Aborigines bloodline out of them. The effect of British colonization was not kind to the original inhabitants of any of the countries that were the target of this empire. The sun finally sets on the British Empire because Great Britain is no longer the largest empire in the world. When it was, they affected many nations and cultures. In the world we live in today and with the help of the United Nations, it is unlikely that there will ever be an empire as that of the British ever again. References Anglican Timeline. Retrieved December 27, 2008 from http://justus. anglican. org/resources/timeline/09america. html â€Å"British Education in India. † South Asian History. Retrieved December 27, 2008 from http://india_resource. tripod. com/britishedu. htm â€Å"Colonization. † Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved December 28, 2008, from http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/colonization â€Å"Elizabeth’s Adventures: Colonizing America. † NMM. UK. Retrieved December 27, 2008 from http://www. nmm. ac. uk/explore/sea-and-ships/in-depth/elizabeth/elizabeths-adventurers/colonizing-america â€Å"European Discovery and the Colonization of Australia. † Australian Government. Retrieved December 27, 2008 from http://www. cultureandrecreation. gov. au/articles/australianhistory/ Robinson, Simon. â€Å"How India Colonized Britain. † Time. Retrieved December 27, 2008 from http://www. time. com/time/world/article/0,8599,1730172,00. html â€Å"The Story of India. † PBS. Retrieved December 27, 2008 from http://www. pbs. org/thestoryofindia/gallery/photos/21. html

Future Directions of Health Care

Future Directions of Health Care In the future the health care system faces several challenges. In stirring ahead in a strategic direction challenges they countenance are: technology advancements, health care reform and legislation, access to health care, advancing age of population and maintaining a skilled workforce. These regions afford challenges and there are a great deal requirements for reforms and changes. I will address in this paper five areas with challenges in strategies organizations and health care can become accustomed to obtain a strategic direction. The use of information technology (IT) in healthcare includes a wide range of technologies integrated in sharing and managing electronically information of patient as a substitute of records of paper which have the prospect for errors. IT has the prospective to develop safety of patient, quality of health care, effectiveness, and collection of data. This can aid to prevent costs rising with sturdy statistics that can establish itself. â€Å"Our country’s IT infrastructure of healthcare will facilitate and control these significant efforts-making probable the types of basic changes in delivery and access of health care projected in the fresh health care law†. (Buntin, 2010). For health care organizations there are health care incentives payments that can exhibit employ of EHR’s in an efficient and safe manner. Consecutively to meet the criterion for incentive payments, hospitals and physicians have got to exhibit evidence of significant use of technology whilst ex ecuting the subsequent: Certified EHR Technology-Utilisation of a certified product as established by the Health and Human Services Department (HHS), which has got to be incorporate the employ of electronic structure, Information Exchange-EHR have got to be connected in a way that offers health information electronic exchange to advance the health care quality, this comprises promoting synchronization of healthcare, reporting on measures by means of EHR have got to conform with reports of submission on quality measures of clinical. Physicians and Hospitals that implement EHR systems will advantage mainly. Physicians can earn extra above time by leveraging a Medicaid or Medicare program of incentive. Providers might obtain benefits beneath merely 1 of the 2 programs. Physicians and Hospitals must adapt their strategic direction to put into practice this technology in their organization consecutively to obtain the incentive program benefits. This counterbalances the technology costs a nd prevents them from cutbacks in funding of Medicaid and Medicare. The Affordable Care Act of 2010 marks a fresh period in health care of American. This Act will commence to have a constructive outcome on business owners, families, and employees. It decreases the premiums price in the course of tax relief. Policy makers have extensively afforded with means to construct costs of health care affordable and yet offer quality care. Physicians are worried above the health care high costs and that it â€Å"is not connected with high prominence and effectiveness in the services delivery or improved outcomes of health†. (Moseley, 2009, p.1). Future budget reductions to academic medicine intend challenges. Interventions of Prevention are a substitute to health care reform improvement. Reforms must be spotlighted on the issue of coverage, increasing quantity, increasing value, with a foremost spotlight on maintaining the healthy population. In due course the objective must be to improve on the bills of health care in the course of costs regulation, per formance measurement, extension of coverage, increase of sponsored government- insurance, and inducements for wellness programs. Each American must have access to affordable quality, coverage of health insurance. Millions of Americans devoid of coverage are deprived of access to desired care, medications by prescription, and additional essential services. â€Å"Not merely has the figure of uninsured increased, the increase has as well excessively affected the majority susceptible groups†. (Bloom Canning, 2011, p.1). Obstacles that the uninsured countenance is the distinction between preventative cares and need for further composite medical care. The financial effect is brutal and a lot of people effort to meet up their daily requirements. Strategies that firms can deem comprise: providing a group of skilled individuals to assist take advantage of participation in programs of public health insurance. Statistics require to be computed consecutively to sufficiently recognize the uninsured demographics. Offering free clinics and additional information on healthcare that is being offered will support to con struct improved outcomes of health. The objective is to resolve problems generated by cultural, geographic, and additional precise barriers. All the states consecutively to move forward must embrace services of community based that are provided in the course of the Affordable Care Act. â€Å"Even though a healthcare organization countenances no competition in any way, it had to depend on world about it changing-both the external and internal environments†. (Moseley, 2009, p.9). There are a lot of challenges in offering finance costs and needs of health care for the aging populace This is since further people are living longer healthier life owing to medical technology advancements. The elder age groups are on the increase and will carry on rising in a growing trend. A solution to this concern is to capture data with particulars on data of demographic similar to specific age with respect to productivity, to employment, capabilities, and links amid aging and macroeconomic performance to estimate superior results. As people age they stay in the labor force longer and their needs of health are different from individuals who are younger. As the segregation develops amid the elderly population, the matter of maintaining and educating, a skilled work force in the industry of health care is definitely a rational concern. Resources can be described as tangible or intangible- idle sitting, they merely do not add to productivity in a great deal. â€Å"What creates a distinction is what they are able of achieving when they are in operation or action. This hidden prospective of resources comprises a firm’s competencies. An ability that is activated is an activity†. (Moseley, 2009, p.40). Health care is a labor intensive industry that needs all levels of skill sets. In a strategic business unit Managers take into deliberation when hiring, the mainly efficient mix of staff that can accomplish the broadest workload in their resources. The amalgamation of skill sets and job descriptions required for every job in the organization is one mean to get extra for the money. A few of the skills and duties might extend bey ond into diverse areas of the SBU’s. Employers require investing in a skilled labor force if they are to meet up their financial objectives, particularly with the challenges of the present economic surroundings. With the job market challenges, forging local and state partnerships with employers consecutively to advance inferior skilled workers is vital. Offering reimbursement of education as an advantage to employees to acquire a higher degree is important. Advancing the improvement of lower skilled workers can be simpler when labor is in demand. Employers yet have got to maintain skilled and low skilled workers. It is significant to access training to advance employer’s competitiveness and productivity, performances of workers, and opportunities of future job. Building a relationship of team allows providers to retain, train, associate, work in the course of hard times, and grow when the economy permits. In America there are a lot of challenges faced by health care today. Organizations of Health care can make use of strategies to become accustomed to these challenges. It is vital to carefully examine the challenges we countenance and accustom strategies to these challenges. To meet up these challenges we can make use of experience and technology. Strategies can aid to prevail over hurdles and incessantly improve on the process. References Bloom, D.E., Canning, D. Fink, G. (2011). Implications of Population Aging for Economic Growth. (Report no. 64). Boston, MA: Harvard Initiative for Global Health. Buntin, M.J. (2010). Health Information Technology: Laying the Infrastructure For National Health Reform. Health Affairs. ABI/Inform Global, 1214-1219. Moseley, G.B. III. (2009). Managing Health Care Business Strategy, Sudbury, MA. Jones and Bartlett Learning Inc.

Phobia :: essays research papers

Phobias: Irrational Fear Fear of heights, fear of the number â€Å"13,† fear of spiders, fear of small spaces. All of these fears are considered phobias. While there are many causes of phobias, one theory uses the notion of preparedness in Pavlovian conditioning. This is a way in which people learn to react to certain stimuli.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scientist and abehaviorist, Pavlov, first discovered this conditioning while experimenting with dogs. He could reliably predict that dogs would salivate when food was placed in the mouth through a reflex called the â€Å"salivary reflex† in digestion. Yet he soon realized that, after time, the salivary reflex occurred even before the food was offered. What Pavlov discovered was first order conditioning. In this process, a neutral stimulus that causes no natural response in an organism is associated with an unconditioned stimulus, an event that automatically or naturally causes a response. This usual association causes the response to the unconditioned stimulus, the unconditioned response, to transfer to the neutral stimulus. The unconditioned stimulus no longer needs to be there for the response to occur in the presence of the formerly neutral stimulus. Given that his response is not natural and has to be learned, the response is now a conditioned response and the neutral stimulus is now a conditioned stimulus. Hence, certain individuals are more equipped to learn some things easier than others are. This ability is known as preparedness. In Pavlov’s experiment the tone was the neutral stimulus that was associated with the unconditioned stimulus of food. The unconditioned response of salivation became a conditioned response to the newly conditioned stimulus of the tone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Considering the two phobias: fear of the number â€Å"13† and fear of heights, the latter is most likely to have been produced by Pavlovian conditioning. This is due to the fact that more people are likely to have obtained preparedness to be afraid of this. There are numerous stories and movies that contribute to this irrational fear. Hence, people are more willing to accept the conditioning and become afraid of high places. This would not be hard to condition into anyone, since it is so commonly feared. Also, the fear of the number â€Å"13† is much more irrational than a fear of heights. Falling from a high place is much more likely than being injured by a number. Thus, preparedness and Pavlovian conditioning most likely caused a fear of heights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, phobias can occur through different causes, but Pavlov discovered one theory. Phobia :: essays research papers Phobias: Irrational Fear Fear of heights, fear of the number â€Å"13,† fear of spiders, fear of small spaces. All of these fears are considered phobias. While there are many causes of phobias, one theory uses the notion of preparedness in Pavlovian conditioning. This is a way in which people learn to react to certain stimuli.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scientist and abehaviorist, Pavlov, first discovered this conditioning while experimenting with dogs. He could reliably predict that dogs would salivate when food was placed in the mouth through a reflex called the â€Å"salivary reflex† in digestion. Yet he soon realized that, after time, the salivary reflex occurred even before the food was offered. What Pavlov discovered was first order conditioning. In this process, a neutral stimulus that causes no natural response in an organism is associated with an unconditioned stimulus, an event that automatically or naturally causes a response. This usual association causes the response to the unconditioned stimulus, the unconditioned response, to transfer to the neutral stimulus. The unconditioned stimulus no longer needs to be there for the response to occur in the presence of the formerly neutral stimulus. Given that his response is not natural and has to be learned, the response is now a conditioned response and the neutral stimulus is now a conditioned stimulus. Hence, certain individuals are more equipped to learn some things easier than others are. This ability is known as preparedness. In Pavlov’s experiment the tone was the neutral stimulus that was associated with the unconditioned stimulus of food. The unconditioned response of salivation became a conditioned response to the newly conditioned stimulus of the tone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Considering the two phobias: fear of the number â€Å"13† and fear of heights, the latter is most likely to have been produced by Pavlovian conditioning. This is due to the fact that more people are likely to have obtained preparedness to be afraid of this. There are numerous stories and movies that contribute to this irrational fear. Hence, people are more willing to accept the conditioning and become afraid of high places. This would not be hard to condition into anyone, since it is so commonly feared. Also, the fear of the number â€Å"13† is much more irrational than a fear of heights. Falling from a high place is much more likely than being injured by a number. Thus, preparedness and Pavlovian conditioning most likely caused a fear of heights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, phobias can occur through different causes, but Pavlov discovered one theory.

Discovering the Things that Make Us Human: Evolution of the Brain :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Discovering the Things that Make Us Human: Evolution of the Brain There is a powerful sentiment among many people that human beings are the most intelligent and complex animals on earth. Our ability to use language is matched by no other species. It makes sense to assume that whichever characteristics of the human brain arent possessed by other animals, specifically primates, our closest evolutionary relatives, are the ones responsible for the acquisition, production, and comprehension of language. As the relatively new field of neuroscience develops, scientists are beginning to study the evolutionary relationships of brain organization and function in an effort to understand the regions of the brain responsible for language, abstract thought, and self-expression. This discipline, known as Paleoneurology, examines the development of the hominid brain (1). Paleoneurology has its roots in the fields of neurology, paleoanthropology, and primatology. There are two methods used by Paleoneurologists to study brain evolution: the examination of fossil sku lls and endocasts, and comparative primate neuroanatomy (2). The study of the evolution of the brain is useful, because it allows for an understanding of the origins of the structural differences between humans and other animals--in effect, what makes us human. According to the fossil record, the first brain structure appeared in reptiles around 500 million years ago. The functions of this hindbrain included breathing, heart beat regulation, balance, basic motor movements, and foraging skills (1). An interesting trend in brain evolution is that more evolved species tend to preserve the structures responsible for basic behaviors. In other words, evolution is the process of acquiring more and more sophisticated structures, not simply the addition of different structures. Therefore, the modern human brain contains the primitive hindbrain region, often called the protereptilin brain (1), and it is the seat of fundamental homeostatic functions. The major structures found in this region of the brain are the Pons and Medulla. About 250 million years after the appearance of the hindbrain, a new region known as the paleomammalian brain arose. This region consists of the hippocampus and cerebellum and is often referred to as the limbic system. As mig ht be expected, this region is associated with more complex functions such as emotional, sexual, and fighting behaviors (1). The newest and most intricate area of the brain, the cerebrum, was first developed around 200 million years ago. The highly convoluted surface of the cerebrum is called the neocortex.

Macbeth Was Not Totally Responsible For The Evil Unleashed In Scotland :: essays research papers

Macbeth Was Not Totally Responsible For the Evil Unleashed In Scotland Macbeth, although largely responsible, was not totally responsible for the torrent of evil which was unleashed in Scotland after after Duncan's death. Both Lady Macbeth and the supernatural powers must accept at last some of the responsibility for the evil deeds unleashed during Macbeth reign. They both forced Macbeth to be proactive in chasing the crown at a time when he was of the opinion that " If chance may have me king why chance may crown me." The play began with the forces of evil stirring Macbeths ambitions nature by declaring that he " shall b king thereafter." They then said of thou be none." Banquo noted how Macbeth looked fearful and he must have realised the witches put into words what Macbeth had been thinking. The supernatural forces not only got Macbeth thinking about how he could become king but also laid the foundations for his feelings of insecurity that would lead to his subsequent murder of Banquo. The major external influence pushing Macbeth to kill Duncan was Lady Macbeth. She knew her husband was " too full o' the milk of human kindness" to take the initiative and she resolved to push him into murdering Duncan Macbeth was so upset after killing Duncan he stated " I'll go no more, I am afraid to think what I have done". Lady Macbeth then accepted the responsibility of taking the daggers and smearing the grooms with blood. She had goaded Macbeth into killing Duncan and she stopped him from falling apart with remorse after having done the deed. Macbeths reign as king was one of fear and insecurity that others would take the crown from him. Of Banquo he said " their is none but he whose being I do fear". Macbeth was obviously thinking back to the prophesies of the witches and he

Huck Finn: Opposition to Racism

Megan Patton John Rohrkemper February 28, 2010 American Lit Exposing the Racist, Opposing Racism Since its original publication in 1884, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has proven to be one of the most controversial when it comes to the reoccurring issue of race in American society. Many argue that Mark Twain held the racist ideals that most people had in the 1830’s, while others know that Twain was a social satirist, mocking the ignorance of society. In order to be considered a racist novel Huck Finn would have to advocate racism.The evidence thus far has lead me to believe that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn promotes a strong set of antiracist ethical values as the main character, Jim, a runaway slave is displayed as the best, most honorable character, while other white characters are depicted as ignorant and self centered, lacking ethical reasoning. The immorality of racism is periodically satirized throughout the novel. The unethical thinking of the time period of s lavery is an issue that Twain recognizes, mocks, and clearly presents his opposition toward.One of the main concerns consistently brought up by those who argue that Twain is racist is that simply based on the dialogue and use of the word â€Å"nigger,† Twain is being insensitive toward blacks. He must be a racist if he is using such a derogatory term. However, they fail to realize that he is telling a story how it would have happened and he avoids beating around the bush in order to lay out the reality of the time period when people engaged in such communication.Justin Kaplan uses powerful words on the matter when he questions people who have â€Å"allowed him or herself even the barest minimum of intelligent response to its underlying spirit† (378) and still â€Å"accuse it of being racist because some of its characters use offensive racial epithets† (378). On the surface, this can easily be detected as racism but when taking a look at particular circumstances of ignorance, Huck’s internal battling experiences, and satiric element, the intent is clear. Jim, one of the main characters of the novel, is undoubtedly the most moral character in the novel.Julius Lester argues in his piece â€Å"Morality in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† that Jim is a â€Å"childlike character† and is not taken seriously since he â€Å"runs away and does not immediately seek his freedom† (365). However, Jim has been brought up in a time where he himself feels some sort of inferiority complex to whites in society. Lester is partially correct in his philosophy that Jim is childlike, but wrong in the idea that this is a negative aspect of his character. His â€Å"childlike† quality characterizes his humility, nobility, and kindness.He is much more one of the wiser characters in the novel as he recognizes the mistakes he has made and even expresses his guilt to Huck. He tells Huck a story about a time when he asked his four ye ar old daughter to â€Å"’Shut de do’ â€Å"(154) and she just stood there smiling at him, deaf to the fact that her father was instructing her to shut the door. Since he did not realize she had scarlet fever and had grown deaf, he beat her for her disobedience. When he realized that she was deaf, he â€Å"bust out cryin’ en grab her up in [his] arms, and say â€Å"’Oh, de po’ little thing!De Lord God almighty fogive po ol Jim’†(155) After beating his daughter, he realizes that what he did is wrong. He learns from his mistakes and asked for forgiveness from God who he believes is all powerful with the power to forgive man of his sins. In this scene Jim demonstrates wisdom. He takes what he knows, puts it to use, and repents. While he may not be the most educated character in the novel, he seems to have the most caring attitude based on the principles he has learned. According to Bennett Kravitz, Jim is â€Å"portrayed as noble, lo yal, and the ultimate friend and family man. On the contrary to his ‘’childlike† trait that Lester believes Jim has, he is actually a father and acts much more like a caregiver. In a scene where Huck plays a trick on Jim, Jim grows seriously worried for Huck’s life. He even announces after an angry rant that Huck scared him half to death, that â€Å"my heart wuz mos’ broke bekase you wuz los’, en I didn’t k’yer no mo’ what become er me en de raf’†(99). He goes on to express how he was so excited to see Huck alive that tears almost came.This is a critical point in the novel, for it is the first time the friendship of Huck and Jim is revealed by one of the characters themselves. Of course, Jim being the gentle person he is, is the first one to call this relationship a friendship. Besides becoming worried over what he thought was the loss of his friend Huck, Jim shows his care giving qualities towards the end of the novel when he stays behind to help nurse Tom back to health. Jim bases his actions on what he thinks Tom Sawyer would do in the situation and insists n getting a doctor. His persistence is so strong that he says, â€Å"’I doan budge a step out’n dis place,’ dout a doctor: not if it’s forty year! ’(249). † Upon the doctor’s arrival, Jim comes out of hiding and aids the doctor, knowing that he will be recaptured. Not only is he being a concerned care giving man, but Jim is risking his freedom for a person he barely knows. He has that father like instinct that Julius Lester seems to have missed. It is the other characters in the novel who demonstrate weak ethical values.Many of the characters who have racist credentials are portrayed as lowly, immoral, and uneducated. They rarely show remorse and are entirely self-centered. On the other hand, Jim is an easygoing, loving person who as uneducated as he is, consistently cares for other s, is loyal to his friendships, and feels guilt in his mistakes. After being visually described as having â€Å"been drunk over in town and [laying] in the gutter all night,† (52) Pap goes on to find fault in the government for not only taking away his son, but for allowing a â€Å"nigger† from Ohio to become a professor.Ironically, Pap thinks he is superior to a highly educated man who â€Å"could talk all kinds of languages, and knowed everything† (52) and is angry with the government for allowing a â€Å"nigger† to teach. He is so wrapped up in the skin color that he does not realize his own faults and idiocy. Additionally, Pap is quite the opposite of Jim who loves his family, articulates his longing to be with them as well as his guilt for beating his daughter. Pap came back into Huck’s life demanding the money he received in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, not because he loved Huck and wanted to be more involved in his life.He does not have a c are in the world for Huck, his only son. When finally Pap kidnaps Huck and has the chance to develop that father, son relationship, he locks him in a cabin while he goes out and gets wasted, and when he returns, Pap beats the boy. In Huck’s words Pap â€Å"got too handy with his hick’ry and I couldn’t stand it. Welts all over† (50). Incongruously to Jim’s remorse, Pap is not phased by his wrongdoing. Twain certainly did this on purpose. The racism held by Huck’s father, as well as many other Americans preceding the Civil War when blacks and other minorities were seen as inferiors, is displayed throughout the novel.Through the constant use of the derogatory term â€Å"nigger† and the maltreatment of Jim as well as other blacks and slaves, Twain is able to illustrate society’s ignorance. This way, as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is taught throughout the country, young people, or any person for that matter can see the veraci ty and severity of racist attitudes. Pap is not the only character in the novel who displays a loose set of moral values. The escapade with the Duke and the Dauphin is another encounter in the novel where whites are displayed as weak, self centered people who are blindly racist.Twain uses their constant conniving deeds to show a diversity of white characters in this society as horrible people. In Justin Kaplan’s â€Å"Born To Trouble: 100 Years of Huckleberry Finn†, he describes Jim and Huck being on the run because of a â€Å"nightmare society driven by bigotry, violence, exploitation, greed, and ignorance (379)† These words are perfect in describing the Duke and the Dauphin as they move from town to town tricking people out of their money.In one particular scenario, it is not even possible to feel sorry for the townspeople who are getting tricked out of their money because then they go and act like the â€Å"play† was great so that everyone else in the town gets tricked out of their money as well. Along with Pap, the Duke, and the Dauphin are the â€Å"religious† characters who seem to have it all together but definitely do not. By displaying even the â€Å"best of the best† characters with racist attitudes, Twain shows how it was society as a whole who held racist ideals, not just the lowlife criminal types.An example of a character that seems to have herself together is Ms. Watson. She is supposed to be a smart, religious, good-intending family woman. Even the good woman who took Huck into her home to raise him â€Å"sivilized† has flaws. While in the end she is the one to grant Jim his freedom, preceding this she put her selfish desires for money ahead of Jim and though he was her slave, Jim was someone she had known for quite a while. To Jim’s knowledge, he was someone she cared about on some level even if she did not see him as an equal. Jim overheard Ms.Watson talking about selling Jim â€Å"down the river,† which is the very reason he ran away. Another supposedly wholesome, good intending character is Aunt Sally. When Huck first meets Aunt Sally he describes an accident on the boat he was traveling on. Aunt Sally exclaims â€Å"Good Gracious! Anybody hurt? † to which Huck replies No’m Killed a nigger† (206). Sadly, this quote is often seen as racist but in actuality it contains a very satirical element and according to Kaplan is â€Å"a frequently, brutal, painful realism† (379). The novel is simply showing the corruption of the adult world.Peaches Henry argues that â€Å"In order to believe in Twain’s satirical intention, one has to believe in Huck’s good faith toward Jim† (390). It is easy to identify Huck’s good faith toward Jim throughout the novel. Aside from the idiocy of a majority of characters, Huck’s internal battles with himself throughout the novel demonstrate Mark Twain’s antiracist bel iefs. Though Huck, in his conscience believes blacks to be worthless, his somewhat naive personality and â€Å"conscience† can be blamed. He has been spoon-fed everything he knows about Africans by a society which has enslaved them and had a superior attitude towards them.It is a tough situation to examine, as by today's standards slavery is seen by the overwhelming majority of American citizens as morally wrong, but in Huck's time and place the majority saw it as the natural order of things. However, despite his upbringings and learned racism, Huck periodically has instances where he believes Jim â€Å"seems white† or, in other words, seems to be like any other human with feelings, emotions, and close family relations. Earlier, in a moment where Jim shows his care giving qualities, Huck shows one of his first signs of affection toward â€Å"a nigger. † He shows his first signs of remorse as he apologizes to Jim.Though he does mention â€Å"it was fifteen minut es before I would work myself up to go and humble myself to nigger† (100)† Huck does apologize, feels remorse, and admits to the audience that what he did â€Å"made [him] feel mean† (99). The second time Huck has a moment of realization about Jim that surprises him is when Jim talks about his family. When Jim goes on to describe them, and the regret he had for beating his daughter for something she didn’t deserve, Huck sees something in Jim that he had probably had been taught that blacks did not posses. He was probably taught that they did not have feelings.He realizes in this moment that Jim must have feelings and therefore makes that statement that Jim is â€Å"white inside. † Additionally, in the moment earlier discussed in Tom’s injured state where Jim uses logic to decide on calling a doctor, Huck states, â€Å"I knowed he was white inside, and I reckoned he’d say what he did say – so it was alright, now. † The most climactic moment in the novel is the ultimate battle Huck faces when he is forced to choose between the societal values he has been taught and raised to believe is right or to help Jim which he feels in his heart is the right thing to do.Huck has been raised to believe that blacks were uneducated, inferior, and most certainly not people to become friends with. For all Huck knew, blacks were placed on the earth to work and lacked the ability to love and care. Huck definitely believed that aiding a black man in an escape would send him to hell. This moment directly indicates how foolish Twain believed the people of the time period to be. Huck states, â€Å"I was trembling, because I’d got to decide forever betwixt two things, and I knowed it.I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself: ‘All right, then, I’ll go to hell’ –and tore it up. † By this point in the novel, through their adventures and development of friends hip, Huck is willing to risk eternity in hell to save his friend. Surely, even if he may not admit that he and Jim were friends, someone would not risk their lives for a stranger, or even an acquaintance. Not only does Huck begin to see Jim as an equal in his heart, though it may not be in his â€Å"conscience†, he is also constantly seeing how awful society is.In order to detect racism there must be a middle step of realization that ill treatment of people based on their skin color is wrong. In order to see that this is wrong, it is important to notice the problems within society to begin with. In his experience with the Duke and Dauphin, Huck witnesses their tar and feathering, another cruel punishment by society, and states that, â€Å"It was enough to make a body ashamed of the human race† (160). The fact that Huck even acknowledges a problem in the human race would not have been part of the story if Twain had agreed with society’s view on slavery.It demonst rates his antiracist approach. One of the purposes of the novel is for the reader to develop sympathy towards Jim. Because the people around him lack morals while he consistently shows a moral and accepting view towards life, his character develops superiorly to the rest of society despite his lack of education. His lack of education exists because of Twain’s realist approach to the novel. People like Julius Lester and Peaches Henry who believe the novel to be racist, are only looking at the surface and the degrading dialogue.The novel was not made to be politically correct. â€Å"Twain takes issue with the major racial theories of his day, and those critics who are convinced only of the racist potential of the text and/or Mark Twain would do well to examine the â€Å"unsaid† of the text. †(Kravitz) If it was rewritten to appease the masses and use more accepted terms for today’s day and age, reality would be misrepresented, race would cease to be an issu e, and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn would not exist as one the greatest pieces of American Literature.

The Role of the Individual in Matthew Arnold’s “Culture and Anarchy”

The Role of the Individual in Matthew Arnold’s â€Å"Culture and Anarchy† Culture, as defined by Matthew Arnold in his essay â€Å"Culture and Anarchy,† is the drive to attain perfection through development and growth bolstered by knowledge and appreciation of the beauty of humanity. Granted, this is an oversimplification of Arnold’s complex musings on what culture is, but this broad concept of culture, here, is useful in the discussion of the role of the individual in society.Ideally, for Arnold, those that perpetuate this idea of culture are the same people who ought to comprise a kind of rational control within the State. Arnold works to define the three classes of 19th century England (Barbarians, Philistines, and Populace), and makes it clear, following his conditions for culture, that none of the classes have the appropriate means to govern properly. Arnold says, â€Å"It seeks to do away with classes; to make the best that has been thought and know n in the world current everywhere. Ostensibly, it is up to the individual to transcend their class, and nurture the State in a utilitarian fashion. However, the chasm between the maturation of the individual and the ultimate betterment of the community seems daunting. Arnold’s ideal culture originates with the individual, as it is â€Å"a study of perfection,† which is â€Å"an inward condition of the mind and spirit. † Yet, â€Å"Perfection, as culture conceives it, is not possible while the individual remains isolated,† because, it is necessary, in order to obtain a collective perfection, that there be a ready exchange of ideas and sense of commonality.How can the potential danger of isolation via individualism be curbed? Additionally, Arnold is aware that a weighty facet of individualism is that people are concerned with, and believe in, having their personal freedoms—the â€Å"right to do what [one] likes. † This assumption of personal f reedom can, according to Arnold, lead to anarchy. It looks, then, as if there must be a balance between the individual’s duty to himself, and duty to others.Indeed, Arnold contends, â€Å"the men of culture are the true apostles of equality,† at once extolling the potential of the individual, while maintaining the importance of a level society. However, these individuals cannot be ordinary, but must exemplify Arnold’s idea of the â€Å"best self,† or, the individual who is united, rather than at odds, with others. The people that can become their best self are â€Å"persons who are mainly led, not by their class spirit, but by a general humane spirit, by the love of human perfection. Here, the concept of the individual and the community can be reconciled, although the ability of one to completely transcend societal structures is idealistic. This idealism, for Arnold, is transferred to the art of his contemporaries. Regarding 19th century England, Arnold states, â€Å"Each section of the public has its own literary organ, and the mass of the public is without any suspicion that the value of these organs is relative to their being nearer a certain ideal centre of correct information, taste, and intelligence, or farther away from it. As Arnold depicts England’s current situation, it is clear that he believes that literature, like individuals—or as the product of individuals—should embody an ideal cultural universality. In looking at the literature of Victorian England, is it possible that there are any works, which would satisfy Arnold’s criteria for cultural harmony?

History Context of China’s Modern History

History is vital in the development of a country. China is one of the countries with a rich account of historical events. These include the Chinese Civil War, Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution, and Great Famine. I am fascinated by China’s Great Famine––largest ever recorded famine in human history––that transpired between 1959 and 1961. The famine had caused the death of about 30 million Chinese citizens due to extreme starvation. Encyclopedia of Population describes the famine as â€Å"massive institutional and policy changes which accompanied the Great Leap Forward were the key factors in the famine. † Mao Zedong, a distinguished Chinese leader, had this wild dream to make China’s economy soar quickly. He planned to surpass Britain’s achievement on iron and steel production. So he ordered millions of peasants to join the iron and steel production workforce instead of working in their fields. My grandfather, who had experienced that period said, â€Å"I was ordered to mine local deposits of iron ore and limestone while my brother was ordered to smelt metal instead of farming. † My grandfather said that people then were eating tree peels and roots. Those efforts toward industrialization resulted to decreased agricultural activities that eventually triggered the spread of famine.

How Does Williams Present the Themes of Illusion and Fantasy in a Streetcar Named Desire?

How does Williams present the themes of illusion and fantasy in A Streetcar Named Desire? The theme of reality vs. fantasy is one that the play centres around. Blanche dwells in illusion; fantasy is her primary means of self-defence, both against outside threats and against her own demons. Throughout the play, Blanche's dependence on illusion is contrasted with Stanley's steadfast realism, and in the end it is Stanley and his worldview that win. To survive, Stella must also resort to a kind of illusion, forcing herself to believe that Blanche's accusations against Stanley are false so that she can continue living with her husband. One of the main ways Williams dramatises fantasy’s inability to overcome reality is through an exploration of the boundary between exterior and interior. The set includes the two-room Kowalski apartment and the surrounding street. Williams’ use of a flexible set that allows the street to be seen at the same time as the interior of the home expresses the idea that the home is not a place of safety. The characters leave and enter the apartment throughout the play, often bringing with them the problems they encounter outside. For example, Blanche refuses to leave her prejudices against the working class behind her at the door. The most notable instance of this effect occurs just before Stanley rapes Blanche, when the back wall of the apartment becomes transparent to show the struggles occurring on the street, foreshadowing the violation that is about to take place in the Kowalski’s’ home. Blanche is the most fascinating character in A Streetcar Named Desire. One reason for this is that she has an absolutely brilliant way of making reality seem like fantasy, and making fantasy seem like reality. This element of Blanche's personality is what makes her character interest the audience and contribute to the excellence of the work. Returning to the beginning of the play, Blanche, shocked with the  dirtiness  and gloominess of Stella and Stanley's home in New Orleans, looks out the  window and says ‘Out there I suppose is the ghoul-haunted woodland of Weir! ‘, to which Stella replies ‘No honey, those are the L and N tracks. ‘ Blanche would assume that something so common and simple as noisy, dark railroad tracks might as well be ‘ghoul-haunted woodlands. Further evidence of Blanche's warped view of reality and fantasy is shown throughout the entire play. She seems to hint to Stella and Stanley, and therefore the audience, that she is actually much more than she seems. In scene  seven, Blanche soaks in a tub, singing: ‘Say, it's only a paper moon, sailing over a cardboard sea -But it wouldn't be make-believe If you believed in me! It's a Barnum and Bailey world, Just as phony as it can be -But it wouldn't be make-believe If you believed in me! ‘ As she sings this song, telling the story of her tendency to believe a more pleasant, warped view of reality over the actual reality, Stanley is telling Stella the horrifying truth about Blanche's scandalous past. These lyrics sum up Blanche’s approach to life. She believes that her lying is only her means of enjoying a better way of life and is therefore essentially harmless. In scene nine, Blanche is confronted by Mitch, who has learned the truth about her past. Mitch tells Blanche that he has never seen her in the light. He tears Blanche's paper lantern off of the plain, bright light bulb, and tries to see her as she really is, and not in a view warped by Blanche's efforts to make herself seem more innocent, young, and  beautiful  than she is. Blanche responds to this by saying ‘I don't want realism. I want magic!†¦ I try to give that to people. I misinterpret things to them. I don't tell truth, I tell what ought to be truth†¦ Don't turn the light on! ‘ This intense, frightening scene reveals to the audience the way Blanche views the world. Tennessee Williams' use of this kind of dual view of the world to develop Blanche's character is a perfect example of the way A Streetcar Named Desire makes the audience react to the characters in the play. The use of light and dark links to the key theme of fantasy and reality. The light is the truth, and this is what Blanche always tries to cover up. Stanley wants the truth so rips away any protection Blanche hides behind, for example the paper lantern over the naked bulb. The Streetcar light that always shines through the window, is trying to uncover the truth so Blanche ides away whenever it drives by, ‘A locomotive is heard approaching outside. She claps her hands to her ears and crouches over. ’ In conclusion, the reader of A Streetcar Named Desire is not only entertained by an interesting story when they read the play. They are also thrust into a reality which is not their own, yet somehow seems familiar. This realistic fantasy Williams creates with his brilliant use of symbolism, intriguing characters, and involving action in the play causes the reader to connect fully with the setting, characters, conflicts, and emotions within it.

Evaluate the current TM strategy at your workplace Essay

Evaluate the current TM strategy at your workplace - Essay Example In order to get the best yield from the workforce, it is important for an organization to have a clear talent management strategy. However, a significant number of companies do not have any strategy in talent management. However, most of them are in one way or another involved in the activities of talent management but under different titles like talent retention. One of the main distinguishing characteristic of the talent management is its continuity. While the transactional human resource activities are administrative overhead, talent management is a continuous process that delivers the optimal workforce for an organization. In other words, talent management ensures that employees’ productivity is maintained to the maximum levels (Taleo Research 2011). In this process, the human resource becomes the strategic facilitating factors which enable managers as well as the employees in their efforts in creating business value. In many organizations, several methods have been applied to improve employee’s performance. However, most of them have made no attempt to have a talent management strategy. This discussion evaluates the talent management at Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) which is located in Saudi Arabia. The company has been ranked as one of the most reliably profitable public companies in the Middle East. SABIC has forty five production sites across the world. The company employs more than 31, 000 people world wide. Such number of human resources could be of great importance to an organization if their talent is effectively managed. The company has applied various measures in an attempt to manage its employees’ talents. The company also has good investor relations, a factor which has contributed to its financial stability. It has severally been ranked as one of the five best petrochemicals in the world. The success of the company has been triggered by three

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ORGANIZATION THEORY - Essay Example Edgar H. Schein’s article basically looks into the possibility of coming up with a viable definition for the term â€Å"organizational culture.† He has approached the endeavor from the symbolic-interpretive perspective and he has utilized the metaphor of culture as he tries to define and understand â€Å"organizational culture.† I have classified his work under symbolic-interpretive perspective because one can read from his work the pervading idea that it is persons themselves who have negotiated and created the symbols and have provided the meanings of the symbols that they themselves are using in organizations. And this â€Å"empowerment† is clearly manifested by these people when they work from the same underlying assumptions, hold onto similar values and norms, affirmed and accepted behavior patterns and other similar signs. As such, Schein is operating from the metaphor of culture. Not because he is to define culture, but because he presents the ideat ion that organization behaves or acts in a particular manner because it is the â€Å"pattern of meaning created and maintained by human association itself† (Hatch, 1998, p52) Edgar Schein’s (1988) article â€Å"Defining Organizational Culture,† presented the notion that the term culture â€Å"has different implications and meanings† (p.371). However, the moment that you attached it to the concept of organization one has more or less limited its application to the notion that one is to deal with a particular group in society. And it is in this context he claims that culture though ambiguous, can be appreciated as the coming together of concepts on the basis that is commonly shared by the players creating basic assumptions that becomes the foundation of values, norms, behaviors and traditions. In trying to come up with a working definition for â€Å"organizational culture†, Schein has taken us back to the important dynamic roles and functions that human beings play and perform in the organization. Some

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Hart-Devlin Debate - Essay Example However, the law is not against the private lives of people and the activities they undertake in private. Therefore, a law cannot be imposed that interferes with the private lives of people. The report by the committee sparked a reaction from Patrick Devlin. Devlin in his discussion on â€Å"the enforcement of morals† argued that criminal law is not only meant to protect individuals but the entire society. Therefore, if people are engaged in activities that are against the society norms should be criminated. He further argued that criminal law should not only protect criminal activities that directly affect people, but rather should protect society from adverse effects imposed by individuals both in public and in private (Cane 22). Herbert Hart reacted against the argument of Devlin in a radio broadcast. Hart argued with regard to the â€Å"harm principle† by J. S Mills. He argued that the only reason in which power can be correctly exercised over any individual in soci ety against his will is, to ensure no harm imposed to others by the individual (Cane 23). An argumentative debate between the two individuals ensued, both of them believing their side of the argument to be reasonable. Devlin argued that the society supposed to be united by legal and moral conducts. Therefore, any actions that jeopardizes society’s norms should be criminated (Cane 24). The society supposed to impose its morality so that cultural values and believes can be maintained. Hart argued against this argument claiming that Devlin did not provide factual evidence of his arguments. Hart claimed that society norms are widely used; therefore, using them to deny a group of people to conduct their private activities is not respecting the morals of individuals. Some contributions made regarding the subject of law and morals of society (Cane 25). Therefore, in order to establish a valid argument of the case standards ought to be set and difference between harm and moral standa rds should be established. In addition, a relationship between law and morality should also be discussed in details. The debate sparked by the report established by wolfenden committee. The committee was established to put in consideration the law governing prostitution and male homosexual behavior. Nonetheless, the debate that ensued concentrated on the subject of sexual conduct and morals. The committee was discussing the issue of criminal activities with regard to homosexuality. The debate concentrated on criminal law and did not put in consideration other forms of law (Cane 26). The society plays a significant role to play with regard to ensuring the community and the country at large behave accordingly. According to Devlin, the actions of individuals can affect the outlook of the entire society. Therefore, when lawmakers are developing laws they should put into consideration a person’s liberty (Cane 27). In addition, technological advancement is changing overtime; theref ore, it is reasonable enough for the society to come to terms with the changes. Devlin’s view After the committee published its report, Devlin was quick to respond to the report through a public lecture. Devlin argued that morals and laws should go hand in hand. Behavior of an individual does not only affect the individual alone but the entire society (Cane 28). Therefore, legalizing homosexuality is offensive to the society as it goes against the moral standards of the society. the society’s cultural values should be protected by the law. Devlin’s argument meant to protect the society through the

Analyzing and contrasting data mining based network intrusion Thesis

Analyzing and contrasting data mining based network intrusion detection - Thesis Example In this age of the Information Revolution, there are obvious advantages that can be reaped from the vast and ever growing Internet Community of the web: 24/7 connectivity; robust e-commerce that simplified business transactions and operations; erasure of geographical separation and distance; and access to a multitude of modern means of communications. Yet, as the benefits derived from being part of the Internet community are numerous to mention, one resounding concern that pervades this virtual world is security. Most, if not all, entities that are part of the Internet world are on their toes, keeping an eye on their own virtual space on the Internet. Security is an important word in the Internet today. There are many people actively involved in developing attack software and are ready to attack anyone and any site that has a vulnerability in its network security setup. As defenses are developed, the attack software is modified to adapt to those defenses and launch even more deadly attacks. These attacks not only stop people from using their computer systems but some are also designed to damage the target computers or the data that they store. Since many e-commerce companies and enterprises depend on the Internet for their survival, it is not a surprise that there is an interest in finding different way to protect one’s network.... s age of the Information Revolution, there are obvious advantages that can be reaped from the vast and ever growing Internet Community of the web: 24/7 connectivity; robust e-commerce that simplified business transactions and operations; erasure of geographical separation and distance; and access to a multitude of modern means of communications. Yet, as the benefits derived from being part of the Internet community are numerous to mention, one resounding concern that pervades this virtual world is security. Most, if not all, entities that are part of the Internet world are on their toes, keeping an eye on their own virtual space on the Internet. Security is an important word in the Internet today. There are many people actively involved in developing attack software and are ready to attack anyone and any site that has a vulnerability in its network security setup. As defenses are developed, the attack software is modified to adapt to those defenses and launch even more deadly attacks . These attacks not only stop people from using their computer systems but some are also designed to damage the target computers or the data that they store. Since many e-commerce companies and enterprises depend on the Internet for their survival, it is not a surprise that there is an interest in finding different way to protect one’s network. Over the past couple of decades, techniques to secure network through latest technology have gained an importance and have proven to be a necessity to any entity maintaining a network. The need for security has spawned in the design of firewalls, cryptography, authentication and many different intrusion detection systems. Among these security tools, network intrusion detection systems hold the potential to become a tool against computer crime. An

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Window Server 2012 - Research Proposal Example Accordingly, in order to improve the effectiveness of the communication procedure and secure the integrity of the brand image along with the operational data, the company wants to implement the concept of Windows Server 2012 within all aspects of their data protection and communication setup. Thus, this proposal will mostly remain focused towards understanding the aspect regarding how Windows Server 2012 can be implemented within the areas of active directory, group policy setup, domain naming system (DNS), file services, remote services and windows server update services (WSUS) in order to reinforce the functionality of Shiv LLC. The concept of domain model demarcates the availability of usable networking resources that remain stored within multiple server machines in a network setup. The users just have to log in within the domain system through a specific id and password after which they can attain access to the stored data and other resources in an appropriate manner. Moreover, different domain models have been created by Microsoft that finds applicability to a platform depending on the version of server operating system installed within it. Since in the case of Shiv LLC the considered version of server operating system is Windows Server 2012, thus two specific categories of domain models can be found applicable in this context. The first model is the’ Single Domain Model’ and the second one is the ‘Regional Domain Model’. The diagrammatic representation provided below will help in gaining a lucid comprehension about the concepts of these two models in an appropriate manner.

Challenges Minorities Face Trying To Get Ahead in Corporate America Essay

Challenges Minorities Face Trying To Get Ahead in Corporate America - Essay Example As an initial matter, the barriers to minority success in the corporate world are well-known. A Glass-Ceiling Commission was formed by Congress in 1991 to study the barriers and to make recommendations. Robert Reich, the former Secretary of Labor, described this glass ceiling as "the existence of invisible, artificial barriers blocking women and minorities from advancing up the corporate ladder to management and executive level positions" (Good for Business, 1991, p.iii). The problem, therefore, is not whether such problems exist, for they most certainly exist, but how to remove the barriers to corporate advancement. The first barrier is defined as a societal barrier, and this type of barrier is considered to be outside the power of the corporation. This barrier refers to educational restraints and to stereotyping and bias, whether conscious unconscious, which affect minorities. Minorities need the educational qualifications to even begin to think about working for a corporation in a significant capacity. This, in turn, demands access to good schools, access to the money necessary to focus on studying rather than working part-time jobs, and a commitment by corporations, communities, and governmental organizations to provide minorities with the financial resources and proper education. This is a dangerous barrier. The lack of access to a good education can lead to failure in the very beginning of a person's life. The second barrier is referred to as an internal structural barrier. This barrier, in contrast to the societal barrier, is firmly within the control of corporations. This refers to a lack of commitment to minority hiring, training, and inclusion in the "pipeline" system of advancement. This barrier assumes that a minority has the educational qualifications for a particular job. Nonetheless, statistics demonstrate that minorities with the same educational qualifications are not treated equally. The Glass Ceiling Commission highlights this barrier, An analysis of 1990 U.S. Census data shows that Black men who hold professional degrees and top management positions earned 79 percent of what white men earn. Black women, also with professional degrees and in top management positions, earn 60 percent of what white men in comparable positions earn (Good for Business, 1991, p. 13). These statistics suggest that corporations are not doing enough to promote capable and well-qualified minorities within their own organizational structures. There is, in short, no disparity in educational qualifications. Indeed, the sole disparity seems to be in terms of compensation and access to promotion. The latter disparity, in a nation which prides itself on equality, is impossible to justify. The third barrier is a more generalized governmental barrier. This barrier ranges from the lack of data collection about minorities in private business to weak enforcement of government mandates and poor reporting of problems for minorities in the labor force. It must be admitted, in fairness to corporations, that their primary function is maximizing profits for shareholders. To impose costly and time-consuming governmental duties on corporations would result in dislocations of labor and inefficiencies. That said, it is the duty of the government, whether national, state, or local, to promote and protect the welfare of its

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Libyan Negotiations to Join the World Trade Organization - Dissertation Example The World Trade Organization was developed as the successor of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or GATT was initially developed as an international organization dealing with multilateral agreements that focus on economic cooperation on a worldwide level. It was developed together with the Bretton Woods institutions – the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. When it was established, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade were merely composed on twenty-three members. As time passed by, the membership therein has increased to fifty which in turn also launched the initiatives pertaining to the establishment of the World Trade Organization. As reflected in the earlier parts of this introduction, the establishment of the World Trade Organization is premised on its capacity to enforce global trading by providing important rules and regulations related thereto. The proponents of the World Trade Organization ha ve then been responsible for the development of the charter of the former. In the same manner, they are also given the task to come up with bilateral or multilateral agreements that cover the following in the international arena: (1) labor, (2) business practices, and (3) investments. Finally, the members of the World Trade Organization are also concerned with the significant reduction of trade restrictions so as to be able to properly implement the tenets of free trade, as envisioned by the World Trade Organization.... ablishment of the World Trade Organization is premised on its capacity to enforce global trading by providing important rules and regulations related thereto. The proponents of the World Trade Organization have then been responsible for the development of the charter of the former. In the same manner, they are also given the task to come up with bilateral or multilateral agreements that cover the following in the international arena: (1) labor, (2) business practices, and (3) investments. Finally, the members of the World Trade Organization are also concerned with the significant reduction of trade restrictions so as to be able to properly implement the tenets of free trade, as envisioned by the World Trade Organization. 8 9 The establishment of the World Trade Organization has likewise been propelled by the aftermath of the two World Wars.10 Indeed, countries all over the world have identified the two World Wars as well as the Great Depression as the darkest years in the history of human kind.11 It is in relation to this fact that they have considered the significance undertaking various steps in order to promote progress.12 Parenthetically, the establishment of international institutions is premised on the need to promote not just global peace but also, global prosperity. Once again, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the predecessor of the World Trade Organization was primarily established as an avenue where disputes related to trade can be submitted.13 14 The immediate and effective resolution of these trade disputes is deemed of paramount importance in the attempt to reduce the chances of another World War. The complicated issue related to globalization is one of the major sources of disputes amongst countries. As a result thereof, it is of utmost

Torsional Pendulum Preliminary Experiment Essay Example for Free

Torsional Pendulum Preliminary Experiment Essay Research and equations: As we are working in circular motion, rather than linear motion, the equations that will help me investigate the Torsional pendulum will have to be derived. Here is how it is derived. Using Force= Mass x Acceleration which is what you use for linear motion, this becomes Torque=Moment of Inertia x Angular acceleration. Using Force= -kx from a simple pendulum, this becomes Force=- Torsional Constant x Angular displacement Therefore This can definitely be compared to a=-?2x and becomes However therefore I then found out the exact expression which allowed me to directly work out I and K. The moment of inertia was simply mL2 However for the Torsional constant I first found the formula for the polar moment of inertia which was Ip=?d4/32 and the angle of twist ?=TL/GIp this was rearranged to T= GIp/L where T is the Torsional constant, then substituting in Ip I got Torsional constant= Using the equation I can now substitute in expressions for I and K to get an overall equation which came out to be: T=2? T=Time Period I=Moment of Inertia of the bar L=Length of wire G= Shear Modulus of material d= diameter of wire The following web pages were used to help me derive these equations: http://www.engin.umich.edu/students/ELRC/me211/me211/flash/tors_derivation15.swf http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/301/lectures/node139.html Preliminary Experiment: Aim: To investigate the relationship between Time period and the length of the wire on a Torsional pendulum. Factors to vary and control To ensure a fair test I must make sure that only factors that want to vary will change, therefore as I am investigating the effect of changing the length of wire on the time period I will only vary the length of wire. This means that the following must stay the same: * Mass of the metal bar, including same diameter and length each time, these are all related to the moment of inertia. * Type of wire (material) and its diameter, these are related to the Torsional constant. Diagram: Equipment: * Retort Stand with clamp to hold the wire and bar when oscillating. * Bung cut into two halves so I can change length of string easily. * Metal Bar. * Approximately a meter long wire. * Stopwatch to record the Time periods. * Micrometer to measure diameter of the wire and the metal bar * Meter long ruler to measure out correct lengths of wire and measure length of the bar. Method: * Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram above. * Ensure the wire is fixed firmly around the centre of the bar, so that when left freely it rests in its equilibrium position. * Using 0.1 meters as the starting point, make the length 0.1m using a meter rule, measuring from the base of the bung to the top of the bar at the knot. * Turn the bar 90 degrees anticlockwise and release it, start the stopwatch at the same time of release. * The time period for one complete oscillation is; for the end of the bar to go around clockwise once and changes direction then anticlockwise until it changes again, the moment it stops just before changing direction for a second time is one oscillation. Allow 5 complete oscillations for once length and divide the end time by five. * Record the time period on a suitable table. * Loosen the clamp and increase the length by 0.1m and repeat above steps until approximately 8 results are complete. * Now measure the length of the bar using a meter ruler, and the diameter of the bar using a micrometer. Also measure the length of the wire using a meter ruler and its diameter using a micrometer. Record all these results. To ensure that the experiment is carried out in safe environment I will make sure that I have plenty of space around me, with any obstacles removed to ensure the experiment can run smoothly. Theory: If simple harmonic motion applies, which I am assuming it does as shown in the equations above, also there is a clear similarity between the time period for a Torsional pendulum and for a mass spring system which is simple harmonic motion, as shown in these 2 equations. and Simple harmonic motion is defined as; an oscillation in which the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to its displacement from equilibrium and has a restoring force directed back towards equilibrium. I am investigating for the preliminary experiment the effect on time period when the length of wire is changed. From the equation derived T=2? I can see that theoretically the relationship between time period and length should be T?L0.5. Therefore an increase in length will increase the time period. Results: Length (mm) Time Period (s) Log l log T 100 6.16 -1.00 0.79 200 8.18 -0.70 0.91 300 9.59 -0.52 0.98 400 11.00 -0.40 1.04 500 12.18 -0.30 1.09 600 13.45 -0.22 1.13 700 14.22 -0.16 1.15 800 15.32 -0.10 1.19 Extra Results: Measurement Diameter of wire 0.42mm mass of bar 201.1grams length of bar 204mm Conclusion: From the graph I can come to a simple conclusion that as the length increases the time period increases. However it is obvious that this is not a linear relationship, therefore I need to use log log graphs to help me get the relationship. As I originally worked out that there is a relationship between time period and length for the Torsional pendulum, I can therefore say that T is proportional to l (T? l). However I can change this to T=alb where a and b are constants to be determined. I can determine these using a log log graph where logT=blogl+logA which is in the form y=mx+c Using the values of logT and logl in the results table above, I produced the log log graph below. From the graph you can see that the gradient which is b = 0.4375 And that logA=1.225, therefore to get A I would unlog it, 101.225= 16.788 (3.d.p) So if A= 16.788 and b=0.4283 then the relationship becomes T=16.788 x l0.4375 Evaluation: There are clearly difficulties and problems with this method which will cause inaccuracies in the results. I will now outline the problems and estimate a percentage error for each one. * Measurement of the length of the wire. The meter ruler is accurate to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.5mm, as the smallest division is 1cm. The measurements I made were 10cm to 80cm, therefore maximum error is (0.5mm/100mm) x100= 0.5%, and the minimum error is (0.5mm/800mm) x100= 0.0625% error. Therefore average error is approximately (0.5+0.0625)/2=0.28125%. * There is also error in the time periods as its difficult to know exactly when to stop the stopwatch. You must stop it when it stops and is just about to change direction. However I may stop to early or too late, this causes random error, and therefore time period will be higher or lower than the true value. I predict that this will cause a maximum error of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.5 seconds, this includes the error for a human reaction time, which can only react as fast as 0.1 seconds. Max error for the results I obtained would be (0.5/6.162)x100=8.114% and minimum error (0.5/15.318)x100=3.264%. These errors are very significant and will definitely cause inaccuracies in my results. The time I recorded was accurate to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.05seconds, therefore maximum reading error was (0.005/6.162)x100=0.081%, this is however a lot less significant than experimental error. * The scale is accurate to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.05 grams. Therefore maximum error is (0.05/201.1) x 100 = 0.0249%, therefore this error was not so significant. * The micrometer is accurate to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.005mm, as smallest division is 0.01mm, therefore error for my reading was (0.005/0.41) x 100 = 1.219%, this error was quite significant and a lot larger than I expected. The value for the gradient I obtained was 0.4375, however I was expecting 0.5, therefore there is clearly errors in the time period and length, which is what determined the gradient, with reasons for these errors stated above. The error for the gradient will be the total error of the time and length, therefore approximately 6% error, when adding average most significant error of the time period and length. Using the Equation T=2? I can work out the overall error of my experiment. As 2? x =T and as I found out that T=16.788 x l0.4375 Therefore 2? should be equal to 16.788 if my experiment had no errors. I will now work out how close to this value I actually got. =2? = 14.12 Therefore the total error from what the true value should be is [(16.788-14.12)/16.788] x 100= 15.89% From all the percentage errors above I can see that there are clearly issues with this preliminary experiment and that changes will have to be made for the final experiment to increase accuracy and reduce errors.