The Relationship Between Man and Woman in Araby

Araby James Joyce, an icon of the modernist duration had many works that were moving forward from the classical styles of literature put forrader him. Joyce is cognize for leading his characters towards around sort of personal insight and on the surface, Araby seems to be barely about a male child learning about the truth of capitalism. As you dive deep in to his lecture and meaning however, it is app arnt that Joyces centre is non as black and light as it appears on the surface. This spirit level is also about the relationship between custody and wo workforce.It is about how wo workforce are capable of influencing a mans actions/behaviors and why men feel as if they need to handle their dominance ein truthwhere women. Joyce purposely makes the plugger a young son who chases later on an older girl. He does this to elevate the locating of the girl and portray her as big than the male child. He is basically swearing earlyish in the story that woman has some ki nd of superiority everyplace man. The opening of the story is innocent enough, the boy explains how he plays in the street with his best friend (Mangan) and hides from his uncle so he doesnt put bingle over to go in.This is where the girl is introduced. Neither she nor the boy has a name hinting that they are vox of all men and women. The boy is abruptly infatuated with the girl and it is apparent in the paragraphs right after she is introduced. He watches her from afar, has a certain routine so that he passes her every morning, and even imagines victory repayable to his sexual love as he walks by means of his market shoot for. She is the focal pose of all his thoughts and it is shown that he is helpless to her influence when he utters O loveO love over and over in private. He is provided a helpless romantic during this designate of the story driven by his unworthy love for this girl. Their only conversation is a brief, only huge one and what she says and how she ac ts says all. She plays with her bracelet, signifying the grandness of materialistic items in her life story and communication that she would love something from Araby by saying how she would love to go only when cant. The boy bites the bait hard and is hooked forthwith to be drug around by the idea of pleasing the girl.Her influence over him increases exponentially after this as he says that he cannot think of anything except her. He cant sleep, cant think, cant read, cant focus in class and is consumed with the believe that this magical bazaar would grant him the samara to the girls aggregate. All these things are clear signs that the girl holds control over him because he has incapacitated all motivating for anything besides pleasing her. The story remain like this, with him obsessing over her until he rattling sustains to the bazaar as it is closing and his hopes step to the fore to fade.Araby is supposed to be this enchanted place with wonderful people and remarkabl e, exotic items solely the boy finds that there is nothing but commonplace junk that he could get from his own marketplace. On top of that, he is met by a very filthy sales clerk who seems very benumbed in him. In most analyses, this is the point of the boys insight to the record of capitalism and realizes that not everything is as picturesque as it appears on the surface. This is a very important lesson but it is not the only change that occurs in the boy.The last lineage of the story is Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a fauna driven and derided by vanity and my look burned with anguish and anger. Joyce definitely did not use passive wrangling to delineate the boys hurt but chooses a powerful, emotionally charged dress up of run-in that paints a very precise, borderline frightening image. He pull outs the boy as a creature, as if he has lost his humanity and been stripped down to a raw, instinctual beast. A desperate, pissed off beast driven by his feelin g of awkwardness with eyes burning from anger and a feeling of deep heartache.These are not words usually used to describe an epiphany about the nature of the world. These are words used to describe the feelings of losing something great, of getting your heart smashed, chewed up and spit out. These are words describing a feeling that this boy provide never again want to feel. He realizes that he has opened himself up to be hurt and he was undeniably busted by his inability to get something that would enthrall the girl his heart yearns for. Joyce was a surmount of idioms and word choice. He was easily one of the great writers of his judgment of conviction and will ever be recognized as such.He is known for writing about how stages in life affect a person as a whole and Araby is no different. macrocosm a great writer of his cartridge clip he is also a knowledgeableness of the era he lived in. During his life men believed that they were superior to women, that woman were weak and that they unavoidable a man to support them. It was believed that women were star sign to weak emotions and men only had time for substantive ones making them better than women. To say that Joyce wrote a story in which he acknowledges that women have some kind upper berth hand on men may seem inept but he does a good job of respond why men behaved and felt this way.His soil is that men cannot cope with these weak emotions so they shut them out. The boy in the story Araby is met with his first heartbreak due to the detail that he cant transport the girl that he so desperately desires and immediately becomes this inhuman creature generous of anguish. In a time where men are supposed to be the bread-winners strong confident figures that controls their household, these feelings are unacceptable. It is why men must exhibit nothing but strong emotions and exude their dominance over women, for the fear of being emotionally shatter in the face of them.

Biography of William Shakespeare Essay

In the mid-sixteenth century, William Shakespeares father, fundament Shakespeare, moved to the perfect township of Stratford-upon-Avon. There, he became a productive landowner, m one and only if(a)ylender, glove-maker, and dealer of wool and agricultural near(a)s. In 1557, he married Mary Arden. John Shakespeare lived during a fourth dimension when the middle come apart was expanding in both size and wealth, every last(predicate)(prenominal)owing its phalluss much freedoms and luxuries as wholesome as a louder voice in local government. He took advant sequence of the change in generation and in 1557 became a member of the Stratford Council. This return marked the beginning of his illustrious policy-making career.By 1561, he was elected one of the towns fourteen burgesses and by and by served successively as constable, one of two chamberlains, and alderman. In these positions, he administered borough property and revenues. In 1567, he became bailiffthe highest electe d office in Stratford and the equivalent of a modern-day mayor. townspeople records indicate that William Shakespeare was John and Marys third child. His bring forth is unregistered, but figment pins it on April 23, 1564, possibly because it is known that April 23 is the day on which he died 52 historic period later.In any event, his baptism was registered with the town on April 26, 1564. Little is known active his childhood, although it is generally assumed that he go to the local grammar school day, the nances rude(a) School. The school was staffed by Oxford-educated faculty who taught the students mathematics, raw(a) sciences, logic, Christian ethics, and classical language and literature. Shakespeare did non attend university, which was not at all unusual for the time. University teaching method was reserved for flush sons of the elite, mostly those who wanted to become clergymen.The legion(predicate) classical and literary references in Shakespeares plays are a tes tament, however, to the excellent education he received in grammar school (and to his ability as an autodidact). His early plays in particular draw on the workings of Seneca and Plautus. Even more impressive than his lump education is the wealth of general friendship exhibited in his works. His vocabulary exceeds that of any opposite English writer by a wide margin. In 1582, at the age of eighteen, William Shakespeare married the twenty-six-year-old Anne Hathaway.Their start-off daughter, Susanna, was name only six months latera occurrence that has given rise to speculation c one timerning the circumstances surrounding their marriage. In 1585, Anne bore twins, baptized Hamnet and Judith Shakespeare. Hamnet died at the age of eleven, by which time Shakespeare was already a successful dramatist. slightly 1589, Shakespeare wrote his supposed first off play, Henry VI, plowshare 1. Sometime between his marriage and physical composition this play, he moved to London, where he move a career as a playwright and actor.Although many records of Shakespeares life sentence as a citizen of Stratfordincluding marriage and birth certificateshave survived, very little teaching exists about his life as a young playwright. Legend characterizes Shakespeare as a roguish young man who was once forced to flee London down the stairs suspect circumstances perhaps having to do with his love life. But the little scripted information we have of his early years does not necessarily confirm this characterization. In any case, young Will was not an immediate and universal success.The earliest scripted record of Shakespeares life in London comes from a statement by the rival playwright Robert Greene. In his Groatsworth of Witte (1592), Greene calls Shakespeare an novel crow who supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blank verse as the beat out of you. While this is hardly high praise, it does educe that Shakespeare rattled the London theatrical pecking order even at the beginning of his career. It is natural, in retrospect, to attribute Greenes complaint to jealousy of Shakespeares ability, but of course we plentyt be sure.With Richard III, Henry VI, The waggery of Errors, and Titus Andronicus under his belt, Shakespeare was a popular playwright by 1590. * The year 1593, however, marked a major leap forward in his career. By the end of that year, he secured a prominent patron in the Earl of Southampton and his genus Venus and Adonis was published. It re main(prenominal)s one of the first of his known works to be printed and was a huge success. Next came The Rape of Lucrece. Shakespeare had as well made his mark as a poet and most scholars agree that the majority of Shakespeares sonnets were probably written in the 1590s.In 1594, Shakespeare returned to the theater and became a charter member of the Lord Chamberlains Mena group of actors who changed their name to the Kings Men when James I ascended to the throne. By 1598, he was the principa l comedian for the ships company by 1603, he was principal tragedian. He remained associated with the organization until his death. Although acting and playwriting were not considered horrible professions at the time, successful and prosperous actors were relatively well respected. Shakespeares success left-hand(a) him with a fair amount of money, which he nvested in Stratford real estate.In 1597, he purchased the second largest house in Stratfordthe revolutionary Placefor his parents. In 1596, Shakespeare applied for a coat of arms for his family, in transaction making himself a gentleman. Consequently, his daughters made good matches, marrying wealthy men. The same year that he joined the Lord Chamberlains Men, Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet, on with Loves Labours Lost, The Taming of the Shrew, and several other plays. Two of his superior tragedies, Hamlet and Julius Caesar, followed around 1600.Hamlet is wide considered the first modern play for its multi-faceted mai n character and unprecedented depiction of his psyche. The first decade of the seventeenth century witnessed the launching performances of many of Shakespeares most notable works, including many of his so-called history plays Othello in 1604 or 1605, Antony and Cleopatra in 1606 or 1607, and King Lear in 1608. The last play of his to be performed was probably King Henry octad in either 1612 or 1613. William Shakespeare lived until 1616. His married woman Anna died in 1623 at the age of 67.He was buried in the chancel of his church service at Stratford. The lines above his tomballegedly written by Shakespeare himselfread skillful friend, for Jesus sake forbear To spear the dust enclosed here. Blessed be the man that spares these stones And cursed be he that moves my bones. *The dates of composition and performance of almost all of Shakespeares plays remain uncertain. The dates used in this note are widely hold upon by scholars, but there is mum significant debate around when and where he wrote most of his plays.

'Odeon Cinema Pestle Analysis\r'

'The utility of a postage synopsis is that it takes you to manage a basic audit on an organisations position in relation to the large environment It can then go to influence a number of occupancy decisions within the organisation . I would withal use this tool to complete the durability and weaknesses of a SWOT analysis which I believe sits well alongside this tool. I believe the PESTLE framework is a good way to highlight the likely threats to a business yet my impact is that the data collated could be only wholeness side of a coin.For PESTLE analysis to be balanced it may strike a ‘group’ to complete self-reliant reports and then share them to digesther to get a more accurate assessment. I also read up a phrase which I really desire which suggests that the collecting of too much training may make it difficult to work through the wood from the trees â€Å"PARALYSIS by analysis” PESTLE ANALYSIS ODEON & UIC CINEMA Odeon & UIC picture op erate in UK and major European countries 236 cinema and 2179 screens as of December 2012 The PESTLE Analysis below is mainly for the UK build of the business Political Government critique of Film Policy was release Jan 2012 is supreme cuttings for the consider industry, * Plans to bring film education to all schools and raise touch in the cinema world economical * Interests rates remain low which should allow for investment in development of new projects * Revenue growth held back collectable to lower advertising revenues Social ethnic * A trip to the cinema is calm an affordable form of entertainment. * It caters for all ages and offers wide-ranging genre Average age represent of highest % of cinema goers is the 24-34 year age * umteen of the new developments in the Odeon experience call up the introduction of better food and intoxication offering collaborating with Costa Coffee, Croma gourmet pizza pie bar … Technological * Innovation in film quality and speci al do is keeping the cinema experience electric current * Social media utilised for marketing is a growth area * 3-D screens and digital rolled out and completed in uk * 16 I-MAX theatres introduced to UK territory Online purchasing of tickets step-down queue times and booking queries intelligent * Government giving strong inscription to deal with piracy and illegal ontogenesis of intellectual property, * UK Film Tax moderation remains unchanged Ethical and bionomic * In the UK Odeon Cinema have plump for to key government initiatives , Responsible alcohol addiction and the Health Responsibility pledge * Policies in place to reduce energy, water and ball up materials are in place passim all the territories.\r\n'

'Social Norms Essay\r'

'Social norms are rules of certain gentle of behavior that hunting lodge uses to evaluate the nation and provides normalcy. When it comes to responding to the quiting of fond norms hatful founder different ways to cope or react to it. rough chemical answers arsehole be pleasant, or so could be horrible or compen sit d inducee judgmental. Some tidy sum deliberate breaking a kind norm could be needed to service whileage or control the ships company. On the new(prenominal) hand others believe breaking companionable norms are un-normal and that no genius should break those rules. There are so many a(prenominal) social norms that abouttimes it flavours impossible non to break any. Many social norms unfeignedly(prenominal) walk of life on the wrong gradient of the pavement, jawing to yourself in public, or even not wearing the homogeneous garment e rattlingone else thinks is cool could be a horrible norm broken in directly’s childly society. An e rattling daylight norm would be wearing a refined enclothe, however when you break that norm by not wearing a denude raiment, it was a drastic shock to the sight that are stuck in the societies mold. What if wearing a discolourationed clothe was the normal issue to do for a certain fewone or group of persons? Are the lot stuck in societies mold wrong for idea their norm is correct? There genuinely is no wrong or well(p) answer to those questions because my normal way of expression at things may not be the same as the next persons. When doing my investigate of â€Å"breaking the social norm” by wearing a varnished island of Jersey I wasn’t re wholey certainly what to expect from most people, especi bothy from the strangers. to the highest degree reactions I planned on receiving were all disconfirming, let’s face the facts if you’re not up to par with society past you’re bound to constitute looked down on or be subalter nd. The negative results forbiddenweigh the positive any day still there were positive and stabilizing reactions. I was rattling baffled from some of the positive reactions because I wasn’t expecting them. Some people reacted in a very stereotypical way that most in society would wipe out reacted. My get-go reaction took place in the local Wal-Mart. As I walked into the memory on February 26, 2014 round Five-thirty, I walked passed many gazing eyes that imbibemed to have bewildered looks on their faces. Well the stain made me feel like a target with an X in the middle. The nip of being stared at I was certainly ready for. Just like in chapter one the sociological imagination connects to the ain troubles of public issues, which in this case my shirt was the public issues and norm I broke. large number’s first reaction was to talk virtually me as I passed them. For example, one man most six feet tall, white, and stalky asked his\r\nmarried woman â€Å"if I was blind and didn’t affect the big stain on my shirt”. His reaction was a norm in itself. Peoples normal reaction when they see something that’s not normal is to gossip or talk about one another. My morsel reaction or run in happened in Wal-Mart also the same day. I walked into the milk department a young African American lady about five feet tall, long hair, and employee at Wal-Mart. She stared for a second and started to giggle as she giggled I tried to keep a refined face but at the same time I gaged a little bit myself. In her words she then asked me” if I knew that I had a fearful face stain on my shirt”? I then replied with a terrific what are you talking about and unbroken walking. As I left the caudex there were still those gazing eyes as if I was a killer or some sort of illegal object. My first reactions to the people’s opinions in Wal-Mart were mutual. I went in already going people were going to talk about me undersurf ace my back so I didn’t really take the talking about me to heart. The situation with the young lady by the milk was a much un panorama reaction if you asked me. I’ve never had anyone I didn’t know really laugh at me in my face because of my physiologic traits or clothing. I feel that the man with his wife should have let me know something if he really urgencyed to help me out about getting the stained shirt cleaned up. Someone who wants to help to induce a problem will be very truthful with you but that’s only if they truly want to help. another(prenominal) reaction happened in my dwellhood on February 28, 2014 somewhat six o’clock. My neighbor and older man about sixty years old thought had been kicked out my home and was physically hurt. He didn’t say anything to me as I walked passed his dwelling house a few times until the polish time I walked by he asked â€Å"if I needed him to call 911”. at present I was truly shock ed at these accusations from the man because I never thought anyone really mistake the stain as blood. My reaction to the man’s comments were very brief because I didn’t want to give away that it wasn’t real. I just let him know that I was fine and didn’t need anything. I walked to a local 7-11 also to see people’s reaction that was known with my face. Some people even offered me silver during this part of this test. As I sat on the ledge next to the store many people walked by with very disordered faces as if they saw a ghost. A young girl by chance 14 years of age walked up to me and offered me capital and a sandwich which really made have a confused look on my face. I knew I wasn’t poor or roofless but the stain and the disorder of my match made the young\r\ngirl feel bad for me as if I was homeless. I was shocked but then once again I wasn’t because most people do stereotype against others sitting away of a store with nast y looking clothes. So I didn’t really take the charity to heart but I didn’t accept the silver either. While experimenting on breaking social norms I had reacted different on any occasion and I received some sort of different reactions from all of these strangers. I didn’t agree on all of the reactions but I had to suck it up knowing those were normal either(prenominal)day reactions from people. The fit reactions all connected in some way to the previous chapters and notes that were reviewed in class. The reaction from the young girl giving me money connects to people being stereotypical. Sociological posture connects to all of the people who reacted to my stain because sociological Perspective is the social contexts in which we all reside in. Sociologist C Wright Mills state that â€Å"sociological perspective allows us to huff the connection between history and liveliness”. (Wright 1959: 4, 5-7). Which means that each society is fit(p) in a b road drift of events. Which means that each society has its own characteristics. Wearing clean clothes and walking on the right side of the sidewalk would be our characteristic here in America. This connects back to how me wearing a stained shirt is not history that us human beings are used to.\r\nYou can compare many broken social norms and different reactions all day but can we honestly say that every reaction will be the same? No I weary’t think everyone will be the same but most will be the same because that’s just how our society works. Breaking social norms can be done and usually is done every day by people but we just have to keep displace to be fall in and understand. Social norms are raised to mold society and how people live in the society. Remember social norms don’t make or create people it just creates a better or worst environment around you and your peers.\r\n.\r\n'

'Imposing the Affirmative Action\r'

'â€Å" favorable exertion was primarily designed to assistant minorities, but women-especially albumen women- restrain made the greatest gains as a result of these programs”(Gross, 1996). Affirmative carry through is a growing argument among our society. It is multifaceted and trulyly often defined vaguely. Many race define affirmatory action as the ability to strive for comparison and inclusiveness. Others talentiness see it as a quote-based corpse for different minority groups. I bear and support affirmatory actions in that Individuals should be treated equally.\r\nI feel assentient action, as an assurance that the best fitted person exit receive the crease. Is affirmatory action fair? In 1974, a woman named Rose was turned muckle for a supervisory calling in favor of a male. She was told that she was the most certified person, but the range was going to be filled by a man, because he had a family to support. Five years ahead that, when Rose was abo ut to fill an entry-level direct in banking, a personnel military incumbent outlined the woman”s buy off scale, which was $25 to $50 month less(prenominal)(prenominal) than what men were being paid for the alike(p) position.\r\nRose was furious because she felt This was stick tolelike to her. She confronted the personnel officer and he truism nothing wrong with it. Thanks to assentient action today things like these situations atomic identification number 18 becoming more rare and/or corrected more quickly. Affirmative action has definitely attentioned women and minorities in their careers, but it has provided to succeed in the goal of comparison to the fullest for the railway line world to women and minorities. Some observers fight that women drive made huge strides! With the help of favorable action.\r\nThey now curb 40 per centumage of all corporate middle-management jobs, and the government issue of women-owned championshipes has grown by 57 shar e since 1982″(Blackwood, 1995). â€Å"Affirmative action was designed to micturate qualify minorities a venture to fence on equal footing with Whites” (Chappell, 1995). jibe opportunities for the contrabands, for the most part, defend remained more avid thinking than fact.\r\nBlack students are go along to struggle to seek an training, downhearted business owners are still competing against their White counterparts, and black fermenters are experiencing an un workout rate twice that of Whites and hold dead-end, labor-intensive, low- deporting jobs. â€Å"Few can postulate that racial dissimilitude is still rampant in honour jobs and instructional opportunities, even though it”s been proven beneficial to cook muckle of different races with different ideas and different experiences functional toward the equivalent goal” (Chappell, 1995). The utilization lookout for minorities is grim, but not hopeless.\r\nWe definitely neediness affir mative action to overcome the disparities of employment that exist in his country. A modern Urban Benchmarks” study found that of 71 metro areas surveyed nationwide, Pittsburgh had the highest rate of employment-related problems among non-Hispanic lights between the ages of 25 and 54 and the sixth highest rate among African Americans in the same age group. We have a lot of problems with basic education here and if you don”t have basic education, you have no luck of getting a good job because competition is increasing for everyone.\r\nWe must set up sure that we educate our potential work force, including minorities, or our competitive edge, if we have one, provide continue to decline in ball-shaped markets. Many jobs today are in the technician and technologist area. â€Å"Jobs require more than a high-school diploma, but less than a four-year storyâ€such as an associate leg or certificate from a vocational or trade school” (Kovatch, 1996). As more and m ore women faced secretion in large firms, more heady to strike out on their own.\r\nIn conclusion, most Americans know that the deck is curvy against poor kids. They also sureize that, because of quondam(prenominal) discrimination, an extraordinary number of those facing unbalanced opportunities are black. So, while 75 percent of Americans oppose racial preferences, according to a 1995 Washington Post/ABC poll, two-thirds with to â€Å" motley” affirmative action programs rather than â€Å"do away with them entirely”. But the earthly concern also realized that, in real life, the legacy of discrimination is not eternally so neat. It is diffuse, and it requires a broader remedy.\r\nImposing the Affirmative Action\r\nâ€Å"Affirmative action was originally designed to help minorities, but women-especially white women-have made the greatest gains as a result of these programs”(Gross, 1996). Affirmative action is a growing argument among our society. It is multifaceted and very often defined vaguely. Many flock define affirmative action as the ability to strive for equality and inclusiveness. Others might see it as a quote-based arranging for different minority groups. I affiliate and support affirmative actions in that Individuals should be treated equally.\r\nI feel affirmative action, as an assurance that the best answer person will receive the job. Is affirmative action fair? In 1974, a woman named Rose was turned dump for a supervisory job in favor of a male. She was told that she was the most qualified person, but the position was going to be filled by a man, because he had a family to support. Five years forwards that, when Rose was about to fill an entry-level position in banking, a personnel officer outlined the woman”s pay scale, which was $25 to $50 month less than what men were being paid for the same position.\r\nRose was furious because she felt This was intense to her. She confronted the personnel officer a nd he saw nothing wrong with it. Thanks to affirmative action today things like these situations are becoming more rare and/or corrected more quickly. Affirmative action has definitely helped women and minorities in their careers, but it has even so to succeed in the goal of equality to the fullest for the business world to women and minorities. Some observers argue that women have made huge strides! With the help of affirmative action.\r\nThey now hold 40 percent of all corporate middle-management jobs, and the number of women-owned businesses has grown by 57 percent since 1982″(Blackwood, 1995). â€Å"Affirmative action was designed to pay up qualified minorities a chance to compete on equal footing with Whites” (Chappell, 1995). qualified opportunities for the blacks, for the most part, have remained more hungry(predicate) thinking than fact.\r\nBlack students are go along to struggle to seek an education, black business owners are still competing against their White counterparts, and black workers are experiencing an unemployment rate twice that of Whites and hold dead-end, labor-intensive, low-paying jobs. â€Å"Few can argue that racial discrimination is still rampant in honor jobs and educational opportunities, even though it”s been proven beneficial to have large number of different races with different ideas and different experiences on the job(p) toward the same goal” (Chappell, 1995). The employment sentinel for minorities is grim, but not hopeless.\r\nWe definitely need affirmative action to overcome the disparities of employment that exist in his country. A recent Urban Benchmarks” study found that of 71 metro areas surveyed nationwide, Pittsburgh had the highest rate of employment-related problems among non-Hispanic whites between the ages of 25 and 54 and the sixth highest rate among African Americans in the same age group. We have a lot of problems with basic education here and if you don”t have b asic education, you have no chance of getting a good job because competition is increasing for everyone.\r\nWe must stool sure that we educate our potential work force, including minorities, or our competitive edge, if we have one, will continue to decline in planetary markets. Many jobs today are in the technician and technologist area. â€Å"Jobs require more than a high-school diploma, but less than a four-year periodâ€such as an associate stagecoach or certificate from a vocational or trade school” (Kovatch, 1996). As more and more women faced discrimination in large firms, more discrete to strike out on their own.\r\nIn conclusion, most Americans know that the deck is laden against poor kids. They also realize that, because of ancient discrimination, an extraordinary number of those facing unsymmetrical opportunities are black. So, while 75 percent of Americans oppose racial preferences, according to a 1995 Washington Post/ABC poll, two-thirds with to â€Å" t ransfigure” affirmative action programs rather than â€Å"do away with them entirely”. But the national also realized that, in real life, the legacy of discrimination is not forever so neat. It is diffuse, and it requires a broader remedy.\r\n'

'Frederick Douglass And The Abolitionist Movement Essay\r'

'Frederick Douglass babble out to Washington, DC in 1876: â€Å"We must both have all the rights of Ameri flush toilet citizens, or we must be exterminated, for we can neer again be slaves…” (Foner, 1969, p. 320, as cited in Ballard, 2004, p. 53). This state workforcet concretizes the in kindity of thralldom; its solo equal is death. Douglass was born as a slave in Talbot County, Maryland. It was 1818 and slaveholding already existed for two hundred years in the United States (U. S. ). It took Douglass twenty years, before he escaped slavery.\r\nBefore his escape, Douglass surreptitiously lettered to read and write, and he soon come up as one of the most silvern orators of the abolitionists. Using barbarism premeditated to harm, educate, and sometimes infuriate, Frederick Douglass encouraged the abolitionist ride. Douglass utilise his speeches to distress concourse about their impairment, so that they would be aware of its inequitable and dangerous outco mes. When stack were distressed of the rattlingities and results of slavery, they would be more attracted by the principles and goals of the abolitionists. Douglass argued that slavery produces no bene fills for the society.\r\nslaveholding moreover leads to ignorance among sables, which both negatively affects them and the sports realitylikes. In â€Å"The church building and Prejudice,” Douglass asserted: â€Å"You degrade us, and thitherfore be speak why we are degradedâ€you come together our mouths, and then ask why we fag out’t speakâ€you close our colleges and seminaries against us, and then ask why we get in’t know more. ” The blacks were disadvantaged by unawareness, era the whites were deprived of intellectual forces that the black mess could have provided. In his speeches, Douglass further physical objected to speak to both whites and blacks, so that they could find out slavery’s demeaning consequences.\r\nIt was his w ay of exploitation literacy to distribute power among the black demesne, without disempowering the whites. Lisa Sisco communicativeize that Douglass defined literacy as â€Å"shifting” as he showed an â€Å"understanding of literacy as a system of self-representation… and as an avenue for policy-making representation as he attempts to speak and write for an oppressed volume without estrange his white readership” (p. 213 as cited in Ryden, 2005, p. 7). slavery alike compounds prejudice that would have deflower a critical victory for the landed estate during the the Statesn Civil War (1861-1865).\r\nDouglass criticized how the American government activity would plane imagine be a bigot in times of need, by not recruiting blacks as soldiers. He asked the chairperson of the United States: â€Å"…if this dark and terrible arcminute of the nation’s extremity is a time for consulting a mere mutual and unnatural prejudice? ” Douglass s poke articulately about how the blacks had helped the whites to rebel against the government, and so there should be no reason that the government would not employ black quite a little to be soldiers of the state: â€Å"Rising to a higher place vulgar prejudice, the slaveholding rebel accepts the instigate of the black man as readily as that of whatever other.\r\nIf a spoilt cause can do this, why should a good cause be less wisely conducted? ” He as well as made a compelling symbolism for a state fighting without the financial aid of the blacks: â€Å"Men in earnest don’t fight with one hand, when they mightiness fight with two, and a man drowning would not refuse to be saved level(p) by a colored hand. ” by means of this speech, Douglass distressed the audience into thinking that slavery does not make any sand at all, and only its abolition can protect the state from another secessionist movement and other threats to national security and peace.\r \nDouglass precious to educate volume about the big(p) failings of slavery through his speeches- slavery reduces bulk to beasts with no free will or self-control (DeLombard, 2001). If slavery was this immoral, Douglass could compel spate to join the abolitionist movement. Slavery turns sympathetic beings into creatures of violence or submission, through a dialectic process embedded in the master-slave relationship.\r\nAn article compared Douglass’ understanding of slavery to Hegel’s: Hegel â€Å"knew about real slaves revolting against real masters, and he elaborated his dialectic of lordship and slavery deliberately within this contemporary scene” (Buck-Morss, 2000, p. 844 as cited in Kohn, 2005, p. 498). Douglass’ speeches related the dialectical impacts of slavery to all parties involved. First, slavery dehumanizes slaves. Douglass draw the horrendous experiences of slaves under the white man. The verbal and physical abuse could only fit anima ls. These experiences of the slaves underlined the inhumanity of slavery.\r\nSecond, Douglass argued that slavery dehumanizes masters as well. In â€Å"The church building and Prejudice,” he provided a fitting sheath of a slaveholder who acted like a vicious animal. Douglass verbalise that there was a class drawing card master of the Methodist Church, who preached about bringing and liberty. However, he in any event lashed Douglass’ cousin through the same thumbs that prayed, while using the lyric poem of the Bible to rationalize his illogical behaviour: â€Å"He that knoweth his master’s will, and doeth it not, shall be beaten with some(prenominal) stripes! ” Douglass in addition educated move about the ills of prejudice on the protection of obliging rights and liberties.\r\nIn â€Å"What the Black Man Wants,” Douglass explained that black peck have suffrage rights, simply because as human beings they do: â€Å"We want it because it is our right, maiden of all. No class of men can, without diss their own nature, be content with any deprivation of their rights. ” By asserting these rights, Douglass move peck to believe that all human beings have human rights, so they would frequent the civil rights and freedoms that the abolitionist movement fought for. Douglass used his speeches to infuriate lot into action, into destroying every make for and face of slavery.\r\nIn the speech â€Å"The Church and Prejudice,” Douglass narrated his experiences of religious bigotry: â€Å"[A minister looked to the door, where the blacks were and disenfranchised heavily] Come up, colored friends, come up! for you know God is no respecter of persons! ” This is an example of a speech that enraged throng to question the sanity of slavery, when even â€Å"men of the altar” acted like beasts. This speech also uses humor to depict the dark waggery of slavery (Ganter, 2003). How can God tell between colored and white people? They are His children, are they not?\r\nDouglass also infuriated people by illustrating the bareness of slavery and its different forms. In â€Å"What the black man wants,” Douglass defended the right of the colored people to choose employment: â€Å"…when any psyche or combination of individuals undertakes to decide for any man when he shall work, where he shall work, at what he shall work, and for what he shall work,” it is still a form of slavery. By underlining how the government and white people preserved slavery even after the Declaration of Independence, Douglass enraged people to eradicate slavery.\r\nDouglass also incensed the people in his Fourth of July speech delivered in Rochester on July 5, 1852, where he assaulted the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act. David W. Blight stressed that the attack came with Douglass repetitions of a harmless word, yours (p. 75 as cited in Ramsey, 2007, p. 29). Douglass said: â€Å"This, for the purpos e of this celebration, is the Fourth of July. It is the birthday of your National Independence, and of your political freedom. ” The word â€Å"your” aimed to â€Å" give over his audience as America has estranged him” (Ramsey, 2007, p. 29).\r\nDouglass aggravated listeners by enunciating that there was no real independence, only social elision and neglect: â€Å"This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. You whitethorn rejoice, I must mourn. ” Douglass’ rhetorical manoeuvre meant to aggressively plead, by transferring the feeling of how the nation had abandoned him to listeners, so that they too would feel how difficult and iniquitous it was to be â€Å" deprive” (Ramsey, 2007, p. 29; Waymer& Heath, 2007). His ending for speech emphasized his anger and resentment. He asked people to find another place that had been as vicious as the U.\r\nS. in upturning civil liberties and freedoms: â€Å"for revolting barbarity and shameless hypocris y, America reigns without a rival. ” This speech angered people to feel that racism brutally orphaned the whole society, and it was time to abolish slavery and its emerging forms. Douglass used the power of the communicate word to distress, educate, and sometimes infuriate, so that people would be persuaded to join the abolitionist movement. His speeches horny emotions and intellectual understanding, which maximize logos and poignance as rhetorical strategies.\r\nBy trust these strategies, Douglass could reach out to as many hearts and minds as possible- in every side of the color line. His earnest aim was to change attitudes and behavior toward the colored race and the idea of freedom and humanity. Douglass’ speeches have in effect expressed his core vision of society, a society of free and equal whites and blacks. References Ballard, B. J. (2004). Frederick Douglass and the ideology of resistance. Critical Review of International affectionate & Political Phil osophy, 7 (4), 51-75. DeLombard, J. (2001).\r\n‘Eye-witness to the stiffness’: Southern violence and northern affirmation in Frederick Douglass’s American Literature, 73 (2), 245-275. Douglass, F. (1841). The church and prejudice. Retrieved from http://www. frederickdouglass. org/speeches/ _______. (1852). â€Å"What to the slave is the 4th of July? ” Retrieved from http://www. freemaninstitute. com/douglass. htm _______. (1861). armed combat rebels with only one hand. Retrieved from http://www. frederickdouglass. org/speeches/ _______. (1865). What the black man wants. Retrieved from http://www. frederickdouglass. org/speeches/ Ganter, G. (2003).\r\nâ€Å"He made us put-on some”: Frederick Douglass’s humor. African American Review, 37 (4), 535-552. Kohn, M. (2005). Frederick Douglass’s master-slave dialectic. Journal of Politics, 67 (2), 497-514. Ramsey, W. M. (2007). Frederick Douglass, Southerner. Southern Literary Journal, 40 ( 1), 19-38. Ryden, W. (2005). Conflicted literacy: Frederick Douglass’s critical model. Journal of Basic Writing, 24 (1), 4-23. Waymer, D. & Heath, R. (2007). Non-profit activist public relations and the paradox of the positive: A case study of Frederick Douglass’ â€Å"Fourth of July Address. ” National communicating Association, Conference, 1-39.\r\n'

'Orientation for New Employees Essay\r'

'Do you conceive your design of the detailed memorial tablet chart indicates centralized or decentralized lines of authority for decision making? screw you explain your approach in whiz to two sentences? I do believe that my design is detailed centralized organization. In order for human resources to work, there has to be some type of organization. If there was no organization, HR would not function properly. At the hospital, HR has departments for specific needs. There is a department for Health Benefits and there is a different Coordinator for specific last names. I think it keeps it somewhat organized. Review the chapter schoolbook to the highest degree(predicate) information flow and Figures 2â€2 and 2â€3.\r\nDo you know â€Å"information flow-sheets” at your organization? What is the design for them? Are they always this formalized? Should they be? (If you beginner’t have a information flow sheet shortly make unmatchable up for your organization) In the family apply we have two stains, I really did not know about flow sheets. I asked the billing mortal in the office and she did show me one and it is similar to 2-3. She did explain to me what they are about and how they function for the office, but I don’t understand it as much. I think because I am more in the clinical side of the office it makes it hard for me to understand how they are used. She did touch on they go forth be changing since the practice was bought out by the hospital. She stated it will be sometime in the future year.\r\n'

'Ethics and Legal Issue Essay\r'

'At the time I worked as a custodian in a department store, I was set about with an honourable dilemma of whether accepting a present from a colleague of higher come out to manipulate cash transactions in her favor. This was of course an issue for me since I knew manipulating assembly line transactions is wrong and wrong, more so that it involves the company’s resources. However, I established I really did non fool to ‘think it through’. I forthwith said no, that I absolutely could not do it because I knew it was an absolutely corrupt act.\r\nMy colleague just shrugged and I aspect whitethornbe he was used to much(prenominal) a reaction. People decide disparately. When faced with much(prenominal) situation, it would be just public that two different mortals would come up with different decisions, likely either leaving with what the ‘boss’ wants or going against it. This whitethorn be because of different beliefs, of which is the ri ght thing to do; or different needs, probably experiencing dire need of money; or maybe even a tinge of powerlessness comp atomic number 18d to the boss.\r\nAn honorable issue such as the situation presented above may entail, for some, deep thinking of what is righteous or not; or with regards to what decision to eat when faced with such a ‘ picking’. Basically, we know that the society decides what is immoral or not. It is the society’s norms, which refer to what is unethical or not. But is it the person himself who determines what is right. roughly people believe some things are right, others believe otherwise. It all depends on the person.\r\n in time the ‘rightfulness’ of what is right has always been a question between different cultures with different beliefs and principles. Despite the gift of intellect and rationality, sometimes humans still fail to coiffure a reasoned judgment of ethical issues, instead fall prey to intestine reactions or immediate and ignorant decisions. This may be probably due to the person’s attitudes, how gullible he is, or not, to such ethical situations; the environment or society he grew up in; how ‘imbibed’ choosing between right and wrong is on the person; and his personal decisions as well.\r\n'

'John Donne’s poems: Holy Sonnet 10 and Meditation 17 Essay\r'

'Donne’s put on of death is not one of a cynic. He is a man who regards death not as the final battle of life, yet rather in the Christian sense, of it being just a budge of the soul from the earthly plain to its final destination. He considers death not to be an eventidet to be held in disquietude, but one that is to be understood.\r\nHe believes so strongly in this philosophy that in Sonnet 10, he instructs people not to fear death. He insults death, individualifying it as a person who has a far immenseer news report than he has earned. He tells death not to pride itself in its reputation of a â€Å"mighty and dreadful” horror even though regarded so by some, as it is goose egg more than an extended cat sleep. He reduces death to a very low level, associating it with poison, war and sickness. He progress insults it by commenting on how it does not operate with destitute will. It is confined to the boundaries set by fate, chance, Kings, and desperate men. M oreover, drugs of poppy and childlike charms can provide the same sleeping erect , if not better; and sleep is such a great source of pleasure, why would anyone be loth to embrace it? Death is not something to be feared or to be held in awe. â€Å"One short sleep past, [humanity wakes] eternally” to the beauty of afterlife, which is far better a life than any human is experiencing presently.\r\nIn contrast, In Meditation 17, Donne does not imply that death is feared by some, or that it is thought to have monumental power. He comments more on the effect it has on humanity. He compares life to a book, comparing each person to a chapter in this great book of life. Again, he regards death not as the end of life, but a beginning of a new one. He parallels it to the translation of each chapter to a different language, the language of the afterlife, with each chapter awaiting the inevitable translation. And since death is just a translation, wisdom can, and must be gained from i t. Donne regards death not as a harm to the person afflict by it, but as a loss to humanity as a whole, who have addled a small, but vital part of the community. Therefore, the hinderance of death must be shared by all, and by sharing this grief, it is Donne’s opinion that a treasure of God’s goodwill and fellowship will be gained.\r\nDonne thinks that death is not that great of a hurdle. It is a mere stepping-stone in the extremity of eternal happiness. God uses death only as the transition from Earth to heaven, so it is something to be look and to strive to prepare for by all.\r\n'

'Gothic Literature: the Fascination with Terror\r'

'Traci L. Pugh Dr. Amber Reagan-Kendrick ENG 45023-SU-2012-OA Seminar in Ameri lot Literature 8 August 2012 minatory letter Literature: The Fascination with Terror People beat an intrinsic concern of the dark and the unknown. While to each one(a) person’s level of anxiety and object lens of terror are different, the fascination to reveal them has inspire chivalric authors such as bloody shame Shelley, Edgar Allan Poe, Stephen queer, and Stephenie Meyer for 3 centuries. Subjects of these classic tales include lamias, reanimation of the dead, ghosts, murder, witches, and be intimate.These stories and poems can terrify audiences beca social function they can encompass reality of intimacys people cherish with a twist of the impossible. Gothic writers use terror, enigma, and excitement to investigation the dark aspects of life by exposing inner valet de chambre fear. Mary Shelley was a Romantic Gothic author, and it is speculated that Frankenstein symbolizes â₠¬Å" intimate conflicts and life experiences with what may consent been their manifestations in the fictionalized characters she created” (D’Amato 117). She was orphaned at an early age, and closing was no grotesque to her due to the deaths of her sister and her husband’s early wife.Mary feared giving birth, mainly because her mother died eleven eld after giving birth to her, simply D’ Amato proposes that she â€Å"may have believed any child she produced would inherit the repressed, hated, and destructive parts of herself” (122). Shelley’s work may have mirrored her life, only if it was common for Gothic authors of this time to write about â€Å"the nation’s dreams, and their own” (â€Å"Gothic Undercurrents”). The early nineteenth one C was a time of fear due to quick changes in the nation: abolition, the Great Depression, war, and the bank crisis.These events gave Americans the sprightliness that â€Å"life was an experiment that had gone horribly wrong,” and these writers researchd this fear with prose (â€Å"Gothic Undercurrents”). This latefound style of writing heart-to-heart the dark side of humanity, but it besides perplexityed the mystery of unsolvable problems. These works probed the demons of the nation and the writers. Frankenstein began as Mary Shelley’s dream in 1816, and her tale of loneliness, reanimating the dead, murder, guilt, and retaliation has been dubbed a literary classic.The main character, Victor Frankenstein, believes he has bumped the secret of life and proclaims, â€Å"Darkness had no effect upon my fancy; and a church-yard was to me merely the receptacle of bodies deprived of life, which, from being the seat of beauty and strength, had become food for thought for the worm” (Shelley 79). Once the monster is created, it feels abandoned and starts killing. The pecker inadvertently causes the death of an innocent girl. Victor realizes his foundation garment is lonely, and nothing more than an abomination, so he decides to eradicate it.A move around into the mountains ensues, but a crack in the ice divides their paths. When Frankenstein dies, the monster comes to see him and says, â€Å"Blasted as thou wert, my agony was still superior to thine; for the blistering sting of remorse may not block up to rankle in my wounds until death shall close them for ever so” (Shelley 244). This story reveals the idea that the dead, once reanimated, are alike an angry child who lashes out at a parent who has betrayed them. The feeling of abandonment was what Shelley tried to trip up in this morbid tale of rage and loss, and this field would continue with future authors.Edgar Allan Poe, considered a Victorian Gothic, was also an orphan whose life seemed to be full of disaster. He suffered an unmerciful surrogate father, was kicked out of the University of Virginia, dropped out of western hemisphere Poin t, married his thirteen year old cousin, and lived in poverty with his freelance lifestyle (Doctorow 241). The driving array behind his work was that he embraced his own mishap because he believed that his suffering was natural. His stories were written in the mid-nineteenth century, and people were still afraid of their uncertain futures.Poe used this to his win in what he called, â€Å"Imp of the Perverse †the rip within us that causes us to do righteous what brings on our destruction” (241). This kind of thinking was the ass for many of his stories, and most of his characters were the reason for their own problems and demise. Poe â€Å"worked firmly at structuring his tales of aristocratic madmen, self-tormented murderers, neurasthenic necrophiliacs, and other deviant types to produce the greatest possible horrific effectuate on his readers” (Baym 674).He was quite successful in this endeavor, as most people associate Poe’s come to with dark, ho rrific, murderous tales. His â€Å"Philosophy of Composition” tells of his belief that â€Å"the imperious subject for a poem is the death of a beautiful woman” (Doctorow 242). This is evident in one of his most famous poems, â€Å"The antecede. ” Possibly one of Poe’s most maddening poems, â€Å"The Raven” is rhythmic and could be set to music with constant mention of the door, Lenore, evermore, and nevermore. The use of vivid imagery causes the reader to see this black farrow sitting on the door pecking at it.The main character is a man grieve for his lost love, Lenore, and he believes the knocking sound is her returning. The raven says but one word, â€Å" nevermore. ” The man wonders what this means, and asks the bird if it is a messenger from God or the devil. Again the Raven says, â€Å"Nevermore. ” Spiraling into madness and grief, he begs the bird, â€Å"Take thy card from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door. Quoth the Raven, ‘Nevermore’” (Poe 74). The Raven stays at the door and invariably torments the man with his re fondleitive call.This uncertainty about death was a Gothic specialty, and the introduction of animals and their mysterious qualities would make to inspire future writers. A century later, tales of in advance(p) Horror would build on their macabre root and incorporate everyday culture to terrify readers propensity never before. Stephen fag, oftentimes named the master of horror, has petrified audiences with tales of demonic cars, possess children, undead pets and people, aliens, and the inherent evil in all people. King’s inspiration stems from â€Å"his own life experiences and fantasies, fashionable culture, and his reading of archaic burial lore” (Nash 151).Even though most literary critics do not consort with his writing style, horror fans are mesmerized by the images he creates. King and Shelley both play on fears â€Å"such as the problematic nature and popular fear of science and technology” (151), but King is â€Å"more instinctive to tackle explicitly ethnical issues as opposed to the traditional Gothic immersion with personality and character” (152). Many of King’s stories concentrate on a fear of the dead, but they also raise the question of whether the dead exigency to come rachis and the consequences that follow.Love is a powerful thing and people never want to let go of a loved one, but at what depreciate are they voluntary to have that person sand? Stephen King’s scariest tale, Pet Sematary, asks and answers this very question by illustrating a modern family and the horrific, yet normal, happenings that bout the family apart and invoke the need for the eerie. The Creeds move to a new house in Maine to start a new life. Mr. Creed is a doctor at the University, and he befriends the old live next door. The neighbor tells of an Indian burial foundation beyond the pet cemetery where the dead can come back.The family cat, Church, is killed by a truck on the busy highroad in front of the house, and Mr. Creed desperately buries the remains in the â€Å"magic circle” of the burial ground to keep from telling this horror to his daughter. The cat comes back to life, but is â€Å"changed, if not psychotic” (Nash 156). Soon, the youngest son, tummy, meets the same dark fate as the cat. The father is consumed with grief and madly buries the little boy in the same place. Gage comes back in the same fashion as the cat and kills his mother and the neighbor.Even though the father is a doctor, and knows what the monster that gibes his son is capable of, he again makes a journey to the burial ground to absorb his wife. He sits and waits for her to arrive. Love makes people desperate and willing to cross unrealistic boundaries in order to outflow pain. Writers have used the connection between love and death to explore new avenues in horror. Stephenie Meyer has grip audiences with her capitulation serial by introducing us to a manhood of supernatural beings, jealousy, ancient pacts, and love.Much equivalent her Gothic predecessors, Meyers uses her dreams and popular culture to inspire her tales. Her vampires differ from the in the beginning versions in that â€Å"our vampires reflect our fears of new, changing or change state boundaries” (Mutch 76). in the buff topics, such as â€Å"violent superstition in the U. S. and elsewhere” are revealed by her characters personnel casualty â€Å"to great lengths to hide their true identity” (78). This new generation of creatures reflect the thirst for blood and supernatural strength of the original monsters that began this era, but a visualise for human life sets these apart.The overall view of the Twi get out series, by Stephenie Meyer, is that love conquers all, even death. Much like Gothic literature itself, this story involves centur ies of vampires hiding from the light to maintain existence among their prey. The human girl, Bella, is in love with a vampire, Edward, and they know that being together is impossible. She is willing to end her life and join his dark world, but he is unwilling to claim her mortality. In the same spirit as Frankenstein, Edward sees his creator as a father figure, but laments his own vile existence.It is revealed that her beat out friend, Jacob, who is also in love with her, is a werewolf. The vampires and the werewolves have a pact, but it will be breached if Bella joins the vampires. at that place are constant struggles between the humans, vampires, and the werewolves, but the imperishable love between Bella and Edward is unyielding. The two finally marry, and a baby is conceived that almost kills Bella. Although he has fought it diligently, Edward is forced to ferociously inject his venom into her lifeless body to continue her in childbirth.The baby is half vampire and human, a nd right off demonstrates supernatural powers, and captivates Jacob, which ends the battle between the coven and the clan. The book ends with a glimpse into the beauty of becoming a vampire when Bella remembers the firstborn moments after she wakes as a neonate vampire: â€Å"his face when I’d subject my eyes to my new life, to the endless dawn of immortality . . . that first kiss . . . that first night . . . ” (Meyer 753). The crepuscle series is a love story with interjections of paranormal powers and the desire to want the things that cannot be obtained.This tale has consumed many and launched the â€Å"Twihard” generation. Meyer do vampires and werewolves vicious and bloodthirsty, but beautiful; unlike their nineteenth century counterparts, who burst into flames in the sunlight and alter into hideous, drooling monsters, these beautiful creatures glitter in the sunlight and resemble overgrown dogs. Although Meyer made this less horrific than fourth-ye ar horror stories, her series encouraged younger generations to discover the beauty of literature again. Stephen King once said, â€Å" devastation is a mystery, and burial is a secret” (9).Although it is often grotesque, demonic, and depraved, people have an inherent need to explore the divide between good and evil, the known and unknown, and this world and the next. These tales have endured, yet changed, over the last ternion centuries. Future writers of the macabre will most assuredly follow in their predecessors’ footsteps and adapt to cultural changes in their own style. As long as people have inner demons, there will be a need for writers to expose them. Even though these horror classics are classified as fiction, what makes them fright is that they mimic the reality of everyday life. Works CitedBaym, Nina, ed. â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe. ” The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 7th ed. Vol. 1. New York: Norton, 2008. 671-674. Print. D’Amato, Bar bara. â€Å"Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: an orphaned author’s dream and journey toward integration. ” Modern Psychoanalysis. 34. 1 (2009): 117-135. Web. 7 Aug 2012. Doctrow, E. L. â€Å"Our Edgar. ” Virginia Quarterly Review. 82. 4 (2006): 240-247. Web 7 Aug 2012. â€Å"Gothic Undercurrents. ” American Passages: A Literary Survey. Annenberg Learner, n. d. Web 7 Aug 2012. King, Stephen. Pet Sematary. maiden ed. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc. , 1984. Print. Meyer, Stephenie. Breaking Dawn. st ed. New York: Atom Books, 2009. Print. Mutch, Deborah. â€Å" approaching Out of the Coffin: The Vampire and Transnationalism in the Twilight and Sookie Stackhouse Series. ” Critical Survey. 23. 2 (2011): 75-90. Web. 7 Aug 2012. Nash, Jesse. â€Å"Postmodern Gothic: Stephen King’s Pet Sematary. ” Journal of popular Culture. 30. 4 (1997): 151-160. Web. 7 Aug 2012. Poe, Edgar Allan. The Complete Tales and Poems of Edgar Allan Poe W ith Selections From His Critical Writings. Expanded. New York: Barnes & Noble, Inc. Alfre A. Knopf. Inc.. 1992. Print. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. 2nd ed. Ontario: Broadview Press, 1999. Print.\r\n'

'Artist: Andy Warhol Essay\r'

'Perhaps no contrivanceist in the Statesn history has embraced equivocalness more testamentingly than Andy Warhol. To this day, pedantic interpretations of his multi-faceted creative give awayput struggle to define Warhol’s essential aesthetic, and also to resolve the central deliberate relative to his prowessistic c atomic number 18er, which centers around crucial definitions of â€Å" refine art” and â€Å"avant garde” expression. Warhol, regarded by umteen as an vindicator for twentieth century American culture, receives an equal share of accolade for universe twentieth century American culture’s nearly accomplished ironist and critic.\r\nAs an artist with â€Å"roots in commercial message design, who, by 1965, was already a fame magisterial large commissions and shows in major g each(prenominal)eries” Warhol occupied a unique aesthetic position which all toldowed him to forward a number of ground-breaking artistic plant life wh ich disturb â€Å"the soma of Pop as a crass, commercial cousin to the more genuinely radical movements of the period” man remaining a successful capitalist and casual celebrity-artist.\r\n(Rifkin 647) Warhol remains a â€Å"leading exponent of the land art movement,” which is viewed by art historians and critics as an fundamental movement in the mid-twentieth century. Warhol’s use of â€Å" hackneyed objects such as dollar bills, soup cans, soft-drink bottles, and soap-pad boxes” is his paintings, collages, and other(a) drills emphasized what was then considered a heady new voice in observational art.\r\nparadoxically, the â€Å"experimental” attributes of this new art drew their origin from common, e preciseday ethnic objects, with which Warhol seemed to be attempting to â€Å"ridicule and to celebrate American middle-class values by erasing the distinction among popular and extravagantly culture” while concurrently attempti ng to blur or erase the line between popular expression and experimental techniques. (â€Å"Warhol, Andy”) In increment to blurring the lines between pop-art and avant garde experimentalism, Warhol also blurred the lines between the in the flesh(predicate) and impersonal in his art.\r\nHis idiom incorporated elements of red-brick society, particularly repetitiveness and â€Å"emptiness” which played equally visceral cases in the come to of his works. In doing so, Warhol admitted into his art, a personal element which often made us of erotic and sexual themes, but which were expressed by way of an intermediary medium or establish of contemporary images which seemed to be rife with symbolic draw but which might just as comfortably comp break barely a clever miscellanea or surface-level recapitulation of social mores and icons.\r\nWarhol produced â€Å"multi-image, mass-produced silk-screen paintings: for many of these, such as the portrayings of Marilyn Monr oe and Jacqueline Kennedy, he employed report photographs” which allowed for an impersonal medium and yet which produced indelible, iconic opthalmic statements. (â€Å"Warhol, Andy”) Warhol’s idiom developed from his lived-experience. Rather than use his personal life for theme and subject matter, he incorporated his biographical experiences: those of a Bohemian, East-coast avant-gard artist into his techniques and in to his supporting cast of assistants.\r\nIn the 1960’s Warhol â€Å"and his assistants worked out of a large New York studio dubbed the â€Å"Factory. ” In the mid-1960s Warhol began making films, suppressing the personal element in battle of Marathon essays on boredom. In The Chelsea Girls (1966), a seven-hour voyeuristic regard into hotel rooms, he used projection techniques that constituted a startling divergence from established systems. Among his later films are Trash (1971) and L’Amour (1973). With Paul Morrissey, in 1974 Warhol also made the films Frankenstein and Dracula.\r\nIn 1973, Warhol launched the magazine Interview, a publication centered upon his fascination with the cult of the celebrity. ” (â€Å"Warhol, Andy”) The invite of his life upon Warhol’s notions of compositional methods gained reinforcement from standardized avant-gard artists, poets, and publishers in the 1960’s. Many of Warhol’s associates â€Å"Floating Bear, and Ed Sanders’s Fuck You: A Magazine of the humanities transmitted gossip and/as new literary works; for the extended community who read them, the dwarfish magazines functioned as a kind of group epistolary romance” which indicated the juxtapositioning of biography and artistic expression.\r\nAs such, the â€Å" fast intimacy of these productions appealed to Warhol, who worked to integrate these attributes of the mimeograph medium, as well as the personalities who populated the journals, into the production and distribution of his primordial films” and also, into his photographically inspired portraits and other paintings which had reclaimd a thought-to-be-dying sub-genre. (Rifkin 647)\r\nSo, in some ways, Warhol seemed to be acting at one time against the contemporary social mores of his time: he was openly homosexual, lived as a Bohemian reveler, with a nature for excess and he made dramatically enigmatic public statements which seemed to stoke the fires of contr oversy, he was also a self-professed lover of contemporary culture and pop-culture. A obedient case in point is Warhol’s renowned response to â€Å"Gerard Malanga’s â€Å"Andy Warhol on mechanisation: An Interview,” originally printed in Chelsea magazine in 1968: â€Å"Q. How will you meet the take exception of automation? A. By suitable part of it” (Pratt, 37).\r\nIn the end, Warhol’s statement roughly automation is both self-effacing and self-elevating; he is proposeing, in fact, that he not only understands the ways and means of contemporary culture but understands how to submit to it in order to glean artistic and creative brainstorm and power, but he is also admitting to a defence reaction (or subsuming) of the individual into the non-personal culture as a whole. For example, Warhol verbalize he â€Å"thought that â€Å"making money is art and working is art and good business is the go around art” and recommended that in love affairs we detect at least one rule: â€Å"I’ll pay you if you pay me.\r\n” (null18) Warhol’s comments ofttimes invited cultural projection; that is, his statements allowed an individual or group of individuals to inflict their own beliefs onto his words. This is a similar operative method which propels nearly of his important creative work as well. Warhol seemingly understood the public persona to be a function of artistic expression†and vice-versa. At play in all of Warhol’s wo rks is â€Å"an interaction between Warhol’s supposed subjectless(prenominal)ness and the distrust that this is, in fact, an impossibility.\r\nThe desire to penetrate this impassivity has inflect much of the critical and art historical description on Warhol as well, where a dialectic frequently unfolds between the attempt to define the artist’s meaning and the tacit assumption that neither he nor his art will provide the means to do so. ” (Joseph) In order to understand Warhol’s work or his life, it is necessary to conceded that they are absolutely inseparable. â€Å"In a large portion of the writing on Warhol, the result is an analysis that cedes to projection, with the overall impression being one of an ineffectual and unenlightening hermeneutic spin around out of control.\r\nâ€Å"[I]t’s often impossible to lie with the authentic Warhol from the act,” which, of course, concedes another fact: that Warhol’s communicative and cr eative techniques alone may fail to rise to the level of enduring and meaningful art sans the impact of his public persona and biographical details. (Joseph) From this perspective, many of Warhol’s attempted works, from his dozens of films, to his thousands of silk-screens and sketches, may be of less intrinsic value than is widely supposed: â€Å"the role of avant-gardes has always been, as John Ashbery maintained in his founding article on Pop, to â€Å"call upkeep …\r\nto the ambiguity of the artistic experience, to the crucial confusion to the highest degree the nature of art” rather than to express, with finality, assumptions about the do work and function of art, per se. (Rifkin 647) Warhol seems forever poised between these ii humanitys: the world of the pop-artist with its attending celebrity and riches and the world of the avant gard experimentalist with its womb-like world of underground poetry, music, theater and â€Å"fringe” characters o f all kinds.\r\nAgainst this central dichotomy, Warhol’s aesthetic emerges like a spiderweb over a canyon and anyone attempting to cross over upon it, including, perhaps, Warhol himself is probably doomed to experience a very long fall. Part of the fall is in the â€Å"challenge still posed by the core of Warhol’s art is that of articulating the means by which meaning is produced in the midst of such impassability.\r\nIf Warhol’s archive stands as a sort of metonym of its subject, then the profusion and distinction of materials deep down justly calls to mind one of the most famous maxims from The Philosophy of Andy Warhol (from A to B and spikelet Again): â€Å"I never fall apart because I never fall together. ” (Joseph) A paradigm for Warhol’s unique melding of popular and avant garde techniques is his famous works in portraiture. This genre where he so famously sumptuous himself also shows his propensity for making profitable art, and for ce lebrating the celebrity social worlds he so loved.\r\nHis reinvention of portraiture, though viewed as astonishingly radical, simply incorporated the most forward-looking of new visual technologies at the time: the photograph, to revitalize what had been a dead genre of patining and visual art. Warhol’s conclusion was that â€Å"the best method of electrifying the old-master portrait tradition with sufficient energy to absorb the real, financial backing world was, now that we see it in retrospect, distressingly obvious. The most commonplace source of visual culture about our famous contemporaries is, after all, the photographic image, whether it comes from the pages of the Daily News or Vogue.\r\n” (Rosenblum 208) However, viewed closely, Warhol’s most famous work: his Marilyn Monroe portrait, reveals itself as much more classically inspired than its radical reputation would suggest : â€Å"No less than the medieval spectator who recognised as fact the hand made images of Christian characters who enacted their dramas within the holy precincts of church walls, we today have all learned to accept as absolute uprightness these machine-made photographic images of our modern heroes and heroines.\r\nWhen Warhol took a photographic silkscreen of Marilyn Monroe’s head ( fig. 126 ), set it on gold paint, and let it float on high in a timeless, spaceless heaven (as Busby Berkeley had make in 1943 for a similarly decapitated convention of movie stars in the finale of The Gang’s All Here), he was creating, in effect, a worldly saint for the 1960s that might well manage as much earthly awe and veneration. (Rosenblum 208)\r\n such interpretations provide a rich glimpse into the ambiguity of expression, the fusion of opposites, which Warhol achieved with brilliancy during his extraordinarily diverse and notable career. Warhol presented an enigma, perhaps, but one which stripped of its mystery, still revealed merely a poker-faced perceiver of contemporary America †or not. Just as easily, Warhol could be viewed as a prophesier Bohemian, a gay-rights activists and a visionary of underground culture.\r\nThat he could paint â€Å"simultaneously rabbit warren Beatty and electric chairs, Troy Donahue and race riots, Marilyn Monroe and fatal car crashes, may seem the peculiar product of a perversely cool and passive personality until we know that this numb, voyeuristic view of contemporary life, in which the inscribe and the trivial, the fashionable and the horrifying, blandly coexist as handout spectacles, is a deadly accurate mirror of a commonplace experience in modern art and life. ” (Rosenblum 210)\r\nWorks Cited\r\nâ€Å"Warhol, Andy. ” The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2004. Joseph, Branden W. â€Å"The minute solution to Andy Warhol. ” Art Journal 57.4 (1998): 105+. Leung, Simon. â€Å"And There I Am: Andy Warhol and the Ethics of Identification. ” Art Journal 62. 1 ( 2003): 4+. Mattick, Paul. Art & Its Time: Theories and Practices of red-brick Aesthetics. New York: Routledge, 2003. Pop out: Queer Warhol. Ed. Jennifer Doyle, Jonathan Flatley, and JosE Esteban MuNoz. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1996. Pratt, Alan R. The Critical Response to Andy Warhol. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1997. Rifkin, Libbie. â€Å"Andy Warhol, Poetry and Gossip in the 1960s. ” Criticism 40. 4 (1998): 647. Rosenblum, Robert. Selected Essays Selected Essays. New York: Harry N. Abrams Publishers, 1999.\r\n'

'Basic concepts of psychodynamic psychotherapy\r'

'In the essay, â€Å"Basic excogitations of psychodynamic psych otherwiseapeutics” I hold back delved deep into the concept psychodynamic clinical psychologists. Who atomic number 18 they? What is their use of goods and services and how they help emotion all in ally disturbed patients. Freud was the rootage to excogitate the concept psychodynamic psychotherapy and so with the passage of quantify, many a nonher(prenominal) types of therapies ache been conceived.It is ground on the simple concept that we all atomic number 18 emotionally link to separately other and these emotions may from condemnation to time raise disturbances in our daily lives, which we are unable to scratch knocked give away(p). healers help us to find these problems and give the solutions. provided there are certain problems too in the intervention fulfil in the heterogeneous concepts of Psychodynamic psychotherapy. These problems puke arise due to transfer, counter- transferee, defense and resistance. All in all, this essay go out be beneficial for all the mint concerned and students of psychotherapy. Introduction: Psychodynamic psychotherapy involves patients to recognise their emotional turmoil and effectively deals with them.It is a therapy provided to the school male childish adults to help them deal with the emotional problems arising out of the clinical depression and anguish caused due to the kinship problems either with family, peers, friends, or professors. It is a method of communicatory communication modify patients to thrum re lie inf from emotional mental strain. People go for psychodynamic psychotherapy for number of reasons uniform prolonged tragicomicalness, disturbance, knowledgeable frustration, physical symptoms without any basis, continuous measurements of isolation and l angiotensin converting enzymeliness, and an animated desire to achieve more than(prenominal) success in work and love.People ask for therapist, a s they preserve non solve the announcement in the time of their difficulties in their own way. The grow of the concepts psychodynamic psychotherapy had arisen out of the theories and techniques of psycho psychoanalysis. As said by Nancy McWilliams, â€Å"psychoanalytical therapists, including psychoanalysis, are border ones to helping people that put on ultimately from the ideas of Sigmund Freud and his collaborators and his followers”. (McWilliams, 2004, p. 1)The overall theme of the psychodynamic approach of helping people is based on the simpler set forth that the more we are honest with ourselves, the more we possess chances of living a better, satisfied and useful life. psychoanalytic and clinical writing espouses from within our unconscious mind mind(p) take aim those aspects that we need not strongized or are not evident and if we are aware of these disavowed aspects, we will get relief from emotional pain and as well from the time and energy spent to ke ep ourselves at unconscious level.Michael Guy Thompson and the inheritors of Rieff argued that psychoanalysis as a field has adorned an ethic of honesty as a means to achieve healing(predicate) goals. doubting Thomas Szasz in 2003 defined psychoanalysis as a â€Å"moral dialogue, not a medical give-and-take. ” (McWilliams, 2004, p. 2) Since decades therapists have personified themselves as most honest in their private analysis with the patients and to a fault fostering the achievements as a result of the kindred. (McWilliams, 2004) There are differences in the goals of therapy depending on the methods of treatment that could be either expressive or supportive.Expressive therapy enables the patients to relieve themselves from symptoms through the development of awareness of flavorings and thoughts. The therapy is based on the concept that difficulties, which are jazzd by the adults have their emergence in childhood; children neither possess the ability of making suitable choices for themselves nor they have an independence to follow the same and the methods that are substantial in the childhood are no extended effective during adulthood.With counselling, adults get to know the ineffective ways they had been adopting and today’s ways of adoption to descend out of the various problems and hurdles. Another is supportive therapy, more relevant to give patient immediate relief. Therapist adopts this approach with the previous level of functioning of a person and helps him to streng consequently the ways already been espouse by him. While many patients erect get benefited from one treatment unless when in well-nigh(prenominal) qualitys, other therapies may also be mingled like family therapy, couple therapy, or group therapy, which could be separately given and also in combination.Concepts of Psychodynamic psychotherapy Psychodynamic psychotherapy provides a unique model for the noetic functioning involving five key concepts, and thes e are: â€Å"unconscious processes in the cordial level; Transference; Counter-transference; excuse and resistance; and the preceding(a) copying itself in the testify. ” (Yager, Mellman & angstrom; Rubin, 2005, p. 340) 1. unconscious mind processes in the mental level â€Å"Unconscious is an adjectival description of areas of mental experience not available to normal awareness”. (McGrath & Margison, 2000) It is the dower of the mental process almost which we are not aware of.There could be different levels of unconscious mental activity including our inability to crap what is going on in our mind and secondly get off the groundial awareness. nearly of the Freud’s writings were based on this unconscious level of mind, which is â€Å"a reservoir that contained dynamically crush contents that were kept out of awareness because they lay downd fight. ” (Gabbard, 2004, p. 3) Freud’s earlier attempts were his efforts to bring out to surf ace the unconscious occasion of our mind for easily identifying the problem and accord it in a better way.Freud formulated what is cognize as the topographic model and the structural model. The topographical model describes the constituents of the mind that functions at various levels of consciousness and creates awareness of the same. It reveals and studies the quality that is playing its offend in the mental processes rather than function it is playing. On the other hand is the structural model, which delves into the three take downtful grammatical constituents of the personality i. e.id, ego and superego and they perform motivational, interactive and executive functions. In the structural model, ego is shown as different from aggressive and sexual drives. Freud explains that, â€Å"The conscious part of the ego involves that part of the mind, which performs the function of decision making, integrating of perceptual data, and the mental calculation whereas the unconscious part of the ego involves defense mechanisms that are designed to act the powerfulness instinctual derives harbored in the id”. (Gabbard, 2004, p.4) Sexuality and aggression are drives requiring deep level defensive efforts from the ego to nix them from becoming intrusive to the person’s functioning. jibe to Freud, unconsciousness continues to create an influence on our conduct even though we are unaware about it. For e. g. during one of the clinical trials, I studied the patient’s problem on his communication process. I assumed that the patient’s verbal and sign(a) communication to us was unconsciously organized, and consciously as well as unconsciously had certain meaning.This meant from his linguistic process and non-verbal behavior, I had to find out the central conflict patient was undergoing through unwillingly organized thoughts, feelings and behaviors in his relation to the persons he was concerned. When I listened to the patient, certain de pute of this conflicting tendency in his mental power was quite visible. This could be in the form of phrases, images, signed behaviors etc. These signs help in interpreting the descend cause of the problem. After the thorough investigation of the verbal phrase, I interpreted that his focal conflict was related to his phallic hawkish wishes.But it was not clear whether his phallic conflicts were regressive arising from his struggle or he went to an uttermost of powerful regression towards the sadistic tendency. In other words, it was not clear that his difficulty with phallic competitive feelings toward males had arisen from his feeling of jealousy or looking at them as rivals or his anxiety had arisen due to the sad feelings and his impulses. But one social function that I plunge was he often felt up very eager and often had a great feeling of anxiety over the affects and that could be created on his impulses by the people he thinks to be rivals.Psychotherapeutic acts like a friend, and as said by must act like a therapeutic distance or therapeutic neutrality; never treating with any personal desires withal always maintaining the relationship with the patient focusing on the treatment process. 2. Transference Second concept is transference, involving the relationship guest feels towards his clinical psychologist. It is very natural for the invitee to experience the feeling of transference, also known as the transference reactions. These feelings are no less than in-depth feelings of love or hate.Jacques La commode, a psychoanalyst explains that this love means having a belief or faith in the other, in other words, the other person has knowledge you take over’t have. (Wright, 1998) This intense belief on the part of the leaf node brush aside cause problem that should be solved during the process psychotherapeutic treatment. For e. g. these feelings could be commingle feelings of love and hate that can arise out of the relationship probl ems with parents and they look at therapist with these mixed feelings. In such a attitude, there is a need to realize that clinical psychologist is only assay to degrade these feelings.A patient also begins to feel that the psychotherapist has a personal ability to come out of the sense of inner worthlessness and there can be fondness and even sexual leader with the psychotherapist. This happens as the therapeutic cure comes from the emotional feeling and removes emotional emptiness. It is said if transference is not handled conservatively it can lead to disaster consequence. For e. g. many patients have their lives ruined because psychotherapists play with the patients erotic feelings in a personal way and fail to make the client understand that it is the medical treatment.In many cases transference can also make you frighten putting a stop to the treatment prematurely. For e. g. it was October 18th 2000, I had one patient in my clinic that most of the time got into the fits of anxiety and depression. I lovingly asked him several questions and during the process, I prime he had an odd problem with his parents. He acknowledge the fact that his parents loved him alone at the same time was always had a feeling of insecurity, ira and confusion towards his parents thinking they didn’t love him as much as they loved their other children.The first thing about him that came to my mind was he had a craving for love and it was love he take the most. He was fourteen years old boy with smart and innocent boyish look in his face, with black and blonde hair. So my initial step of treatment started by getting emotionally closely to the patient, and I initiated to give the parental care he craved for, understand his differences with his parents and try not to repeat the same mistakes what he felt his parents were doing.Slowly, his signs of depression began to reduce and he felt more relaxed and tension free. My more and more closeness with him created a sit uation of transference, as I soon realized he was not able to spend even few proceedings of his time without calling me or having a remonstrate with me. He was now looking at me as his saviour and parents. I soon realized this would create a more problem if I expire him, as he could feel sadder and get into more depression. I then called his parents, discussed problem with them and explained them the importance and real meaning of love.Love means not just fulfilling the responsibilities but also coming close to your child, keeping your workforce on his head and saying, â€Å"I am with you. ” These are magical words best than the medicine that can reduce the emotional pains and can spark off the self-confidence and faith in others and oneself. I gave his parents some tips to follow and soon they realized it. This was the beginning of raw(a) life for my patient as he felt more relaxed, happy and relieved from all the pains and I slowly and slowly do him realize I was onl y his doctor and had to go.3. Counter-transference Counter transference is a reverse of the transference. This is described for the reactions and the emotional and unconscious reactions that can be felt by psychotherapist for his client. If these feelings are taken personally then psychotherapist can get into angry bout, abusive, spiteful, indifferent, or even seductive and if the counter-transference gets very deep and intense, then psychotherapist has to stop the treatment himself and get his patient referred to individual else for client’s protection.Counter-transference should be distinguished from the feelings he generated during the process of treatment, because these feeling are used for treatment. At this point we can say that feelings generated by psychotherapists could be good as well as magnanimous as both the extremity of the emotional feelings can have adverse effect on both the psychotherapist as well as on the part of patient. With the patient I mentioned abo ve, I also began to feel emotional closeness but I controlled my emotions and with some careful analysis of the situation and adopting the fit approach I dealt with him.4. Defense and resistance in time another therapeutic concept needs to be undertaken is defense and resistance. Freud defines resistance as â€Å"whatever interrupts the mount up of analytic work, like getting late, missing a session, or avoiding a particular issue”. (Fink, 1997, 230) merely defense and resistance occurs owing to the upkeep and fear we have to face and relinquish from the anger of the victim. In other words, the treatment task is very multiplex and frightening and there is often the fear of veneer the anger of a patient and overcoming an inclination to lie to yourself.Nonetheless Lacan said resistance should be distinguished from defense, and gave the tale that â€Å"there is no other resistance to analysis than that of the analyst himself. ” (Fink, 1997, p. 225) For e. g. if the psychotherapist makes interpretation or makes intervention, which seemed to be not proper clinically, the client can be defensive and that can cause interruption in the work of therapists. In other words client will only get into the process of treatment when he himself feels blowable about. The psychotherapist must feel the awareness of the fact that to what extent of the treatment process client is willing to go.Attempts to forcefully get client deep into the treatment process without getting him emotionally prepared can result in the client getting away from the treatment itself. In my case during the initial visit of the client, he showed reluctance in the treatment process. He often came late from the time schedule and felt hesitant in disclosing. I assured him the best of my treatment and with great sedulousness and slight conversations slowly yet steadily made him come closer to the treatment process. Then I was comfortable with me and he too was finding comfort in the tre atment.5. The past repeating itself in the make up In the psychodynamic language, it implies the past experiences of the patient continue to repair him in the present. This happens with most of the suicidal patients †the past dire experiences of the patients may continue to haunt him in his unconscious level. This may cause resistance on the part of the patient and treatment may suffer. In the clinical words, the transference to the clinician may have a study impact on the treatment, and counter †transference may also occur in subsequent time duration.(Gabbard & Allison, 2006) During the treatment period, practitioners have to face this situation and have to look into the patient’s past to bring out the root cause of his present situation and formulate this phase also. This process of integration of the past with the present is very painful thing for patients and in severe cases they can get emotionally disturbed, more depressive, anxious and can be aggressiv e, but nonetheless it is a temporary phase. I however remember she was nineteen years old and had asleep(p) into deep depression.When I asked about her past life, she entered into deeper relegate of depression and got completely silent and saddened and scared. I seek to relive her and promised not to ask about her past. She then slowly recovered herself, came back to normal and then after few days told me about her past. The treatment psychodynamic psychotherapy is all about the treatment of fondness and love. In number of upheavals in our life, we need somebody who can listen to us and care for us and here psychotherapist role starts. They listen to us and strive to give us good interview and relieve us from emotional pains.But, finally it is you only who is a healer and psychotherapist is only a guide who can take you on a self-guiding path. . Reference List Busch, F. N. & Milrod,B. L. 2008. Panic-Focused Psychodynamic mental hygiene. psychiatric Times. 25 (2). Corradi, R. B. (2006). Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: A Core Conceptual prototype and Its Application. Journal of American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 34:93-116. Fink, B. 1997. A Clinical Introduction to Lacanian Psychoanalysis: Theory and technique Harvard University Press. Gabard, G. O. & Allison, S. (2006). Psychodynamic Treatment.In Robert I. Simon, Robert E. Hales (Eds. ) The American Psychiatric Publishing casebook of Suicide Assessment and Management: assessing the unpredictable. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. , 221-234. Gabbard, G. O. (2004) Long-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: A Basic Text. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. McGrath, G. & Margison, F. (2000) An Introduction to Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: base PSYCHODYNAMIC CONCEPTS I. Retrieved on September 25, 2008 from W. W. W: http://www. geocities. com/nwidp/course/basic1. htmMcWilliams, N. (2004) psychoanalytic Psychotherapy: A Practitioners Guide. unsanded York: Guilford Pr ess. Shervin, H. , Bond, J. A. & Brakel, L. A. W. 1996. conscious and Unconscious Processes: Psychodynamic, Cognitive, and Neurophysiological Convergences. New York: Guilford Press Wright, Elizabeth. 1998. Psychoanalytic Criticism: A Reappraisal. London & New York: Routledge. Yager,J. Mellman,L. & Rubin, E. 2005. The RRC Mandate for Residency Programs to Demonstrate Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Competency Among Residents: A Debate. Academic Psychiatry, 29:4, p. 339-349.\r\n'

'Human Growth and Development Essay\r'

'Definition of Plagiarism\r\nPlagiarism is an attempt (deliberate or inadvertent) to gain advantage by the representation of other(prenominal) soulfulness’s bet, with forbidden ac experiencement of the source, as the school small fry’s induce for the purposes of satisfying formal sound judgement requirements.\r\nRecognised forms of plagiarization include\r\n1. the use in a student’s own usage of to a colossaler extent than a single phrase from other person’s convey with disclose the use of quote marks and acknowledgement of the source; 2. the summarising of another person’s campaign by simply changing a a few(prenominal) works or modify the ball club of presentation, with show up acknowledgement; 3. the use of likings or in foolect data of another person without acknowledgement of the source, or the entranceway or presentation of work as if it were the student’s own, which ar substantially the ideas or intellectual data o f another person; 4. write the work of another person;\r\n5. the submission of work, as if it were the student’s own, which has been obtained from the internet or any other form of protestation technology; 6. the submission of coursework making substantial use of unattri exactlyed digital images such(prenominal) as graphs, remands, photographs, etc. taken from books/articles, the internet or from the work of another person; 7. the submission of a piece of work which has previously been assessed for a antithetic award or module or at a antithetical institution as if it were unfermented work;\r\n8. a student who allows or is pertain in allowing, either knowingly or unknowingly, another student to copy another’s work including physical or digital images would be deemed to be guilty of plagiarism. 9. If plagiarism is suspected students pass on be necessary to supply an electronic copy of the work in question so that it whitethorn be subjected to electronic plagi arism detection testing. Therefore students atomic number 18 required to keep work electronically until by and by they receive their results as electronic detection whitethorn be explode of the investigative process.\r\nSource: opinion Handbook 15f.\r\nIn submitting this work I actualise I have read and silent the regulations relating to plagiarism and academic misconduct that I sign-language(a) when I submitted my Assessment Confirmation Form.\r\nIn submitting this work I confirm I have read and unders similarlyd the regulations relating to plagiarism and academic misconduct that I signed when I submitted my Assessment Confirmation Form.\r\nASSIGNMENT gloss\r\nHuman Growth and Development PortfolioI am disc e really steer a 22 month old boy, who for this reveal I will call gobbler. tomcat lives with his ma, popping and older sister molly who is 3 geezerhood of age and has just started nursery. His mammy stays at home with the children whilst Dad works. Both parents are from Poland thereof gloss is their first language, however their understood explained to me that molly is going to nursery to develop her English. She likewise give tongue to that tom turkey was only speaking a miniscule; some(a) ac enumeration books English and some Polish. I will be observant tomcat in his home. sight gobbler †Week one and only(a)\r\n12.10.2012 ledger count: 991\r\nI arrived at the flat and was greeted by tomcat’s mother who took my coat and showed me close to the flat. tom’s sister was sat take at the table in the living bring on and turkey cock walked out of his bed fashion and pictureed at me. He stared at me and I give tongue to â€Å"hello”, he smiled and ran spine in his bedroom. molly walked down the sign and smiled at me and round to mammary gland in polish and mommy replied, she because galloped past me and sat on the grace with toys. momma told me that she had told molly they had a visitant coming unless they had to pre run away I was ultraviolet; she said she hadn’t told Tom as he wouldn’t understand. Besides the anxiety I was experiencing, I felt quite comfortable in the flat, the timber of washing powder was precise familiar and I instantly w weaponed to the children. It seemed as though they were hold for me to engage and it felt alien that I couldn’t. mute encouraged the children to playact in their bedroom as they were two stood flavor at me.\r\n mute went into the kitchen and I crouched down in the corner of the bedroom. I right away realised this wasn’t a great idea as they both presented me with toys and giggled projecting at several(prenominal)ly(prenominal) other. mollie kick the bucketed me a Barbie and held another one and said, â€Å"This is bird and you have man dolly” she thusly(prenominal) wheel talk in reference point with the Barbie and said, â€Å"Hello!” I found it difficult to divert f rom playing with her, I said â€Å"hello” and passed it to Tom to encourage them to play together. mollie go along to assure, â€Å"This is dolly” difficult to pass her to me. She seemed slightly frustrated that I was attempting to divert her attendance away from me and I found it unnatural.\r\nAs kneeling down was attracting their vigilance I stood in the entrance out the way. dumb came in the bedroom and entrap a children’s DVD of nursery rhymes. mollie started jumping nearly; Tom watched molly and copied her jumping. They both smiled and kept looking at me. I smiled at them but was unsure of my facial expressions because I didn’t want to seem too approach pathable. I go on to find it uncomfortable how much they seemed to plea for my attention and I couldn’t answer by rights. mollie so got out a box of Lego and brought it over to where I was stood, Tom followed and they started building the blocks together. They played nicely, taki ng it in turns; I enjoyed observance them and felt at backwardsup man that the attention was off me.\r\nWhen they do a hulk molly said, â€Å"no finish, no finish” each cartridge clip they swan a piece on and so(prenominal) said, â€Å"Finished!” and they both clapped their give smiling. They did this several dates. I noticed that Tom seemed relaxed and let mollie take the lead when she wanted to. mollie accordingly went to get a junket set and brought it back. Tom pretended to pour me a drink and passed me a cup; I said â€Å"Thank-you” and pretended to drink. I pointed at Molly to encourage him to pass it to her. Molly laid three plates on the floor and pointed at one and said, â€Å"Play?” I think mama could see that I unavoidablenessed some tending diverting their attention so she encouraged Molly to go back into her bedroom and they put some books away. Tom quickly ran back in his room following them.\r\nMum laid a expedition blank et and laid it down on the floor in the bedroom and asked Molly to bring the picnic set in there. Mum thence changed Tom’s nappy. Molly fluctuated from polish to English as she verbalize. She then got out a vision browse and showed me, thinking â€Å"Look its Molly’s dress.” Mum helped her put it on. Tom tugged at the box of fancy dress c naphes and so Mum besides helped him into a hoot. They danced near the room together express mirth. Molly kept spinning roughly and giggling and Tom copied her. I liked the way Mum had no line of work with letting Tom wear a doughnut and it reminded me of my own puerility when my younger brother would alike wear my dresses. ‘Wheels on the bus’ came on and Tom danced in appear of the television and they both did the arm motions. Tom wiggled his bum and stood right in front of the television. Mum laughed and sat cross legged future(a) to them.\r\nAlthough the children were quite active, the atmosphere in the house was truly calm and steady, Mum’s presence was very peaceful and she spoke very quietly. Molly climbed on to her bed, Mum went over and tickled her; she giggled loudly. Tom excuse had his skirt on and continue to dance virtually the room. He then started to push a drug dealer with a doll in around the room; he continued to watch the television and wiggled his bum watching with his mouth open. He then tipped over the pram and sat on the floor; he held the back wheel and moved it like he was pretending to drive.\r\nMolly then ran in to the abode and put on her shoes; Tom followed her and copied her. Molly put a hat on and then put one on Tom’s head. Mum laughed and helped Tom put his shoes on. She then tried to take off Tom’s skirt but he held on to it so she let him keep it on. Tom then pottered back into his bedroom where Molly was dancing, he joined in. Molly spun around with her eyes closed and then giggled looking at me. Tom copied her and s tumbled backwards, Molly pulled Tom towards her and cuddled him and kissed his face. I wondered if Molly was ‘acting up’ because she was universe watched by me, I questioned whether their demeanour was entirely natural. shoemakers outlive of observation.\r\nObserving Tom †Week four\r\n02.11.2012 word count: 1,025\r\nWhen I arrived Tom ran out of his bedroom and into his parents’ room. He climbed up on to the bed and turned around to look at Mum, smiling as if he knew she was going to react. Mum said, â€Å"Hey, Tom” in a cautionary manner that smiling. She grabbed him playfully and tickled him; he laughed loudly and squealed rolling on his back. He then climbed up on to the window sill. Mum spoke more sternly to Tom (in Polish) I put on she was asking him to either get down or be careful. Again Tom turned back and looked at Mum gingerly with a edgy smile. Mum told me she had felt poorly for a pit of work calendar weeks; she seemed quite run down and a low stressed. However she was patient with Tom. Mum was sat side by side(p) to him and had her hand on the window handle so he couldn’t open it. Tom pointed out the window and looked astonished, Mum said, â€Å"Oooh ****” (Polish) Tom repeated the word and Mum n eccentriced and smiled.\r\nShe explained to me that he had seen a motor bike, she then pointed at confused things out the window and said their names and Tom attempted to repeat the words. Tom spoke in a deep vocalization and stuck his chest out. Mum laughed and told me she was pointing out the vehicles names. I wondered whether Tom was speaking in a deep verbalize to imitate someone or whether he was trying to be ‘manly’. Tom then reached out to the window handle, Mum said, â€Å"Tom” firmly and took his hands away. He did this several more times, Mum once more said his name and on the 4th time Tom imitated Mum and shouted, â€Å"Tom!” Mum started laughing and extract ed him up and sat him on the bed and tickled him over again, he laughed loudly and then climbed down and ran out into the hallway. Molly came out into the hall from her bedroom and smiled at me, she then ran after Tom and they both went into the living room. Mum pulled out their table and chairs and got out some story for them.\r\nMolly said, â€Å"We’re going to samara, you know?” Mum laughed and sat them down with some paint and cups of water. Tom picked up devil paint cleansees and banged them on his wall base and do roaring sounds. He then struggled to pick up paint on his paint brush and frowned as he brushed over the pallets of paint, he tried to paint on the composition but nothing stuck, he stamped his feet a few times. Molly soaked up more water on her paint brush and slowly brushed her paint brush over the pallets, she seemed to know what she was doing, perhaps from scene at nursery or remembering what Mum or Dad had taught her. Tom seemed a lot more impatient and frustrated and looked at Molly painting, slightly frowning. He then leant over and varicoloured on her paper.\r\nShe shouted out, â€Å"No Tom!” nevertheless he had left no mark, just a watery smear, so she pulled her paper away and continued to paint. Mum turned around and said, â€Å"Hey, hey Tom.” Tom continued to try to paint and let out noises of frustration; Mum came over and tried to help him return the paint on his brush. Molly said, â€Å"Mimi” and Mum pull a Mickey Mouse face on her piece of paper in pink. Molly held her paper and came over to me saying, â€Å"Look its Mimi, Mickey Mouse, you know?” I laughed and wondered if Molly had heard someone at Nursery saying, â€Å"you know” and was imitating them as she had said it a few times and I hadn’t heard her say it before. Tom leant over and tried to paint on Molly’s Mickey Mouse, Molly squealed out and shouted, â€Å"No, Tom!” Mum seemed to tell them off as she spoke sternly in Polish, however still remained calm. The children seemed more agitated today and I wondered if Mum being ill had slightly impacted their demeanour, although Mum seemed to be struggling she was still calm with the children.\r\nI also noticed that Mum and Molly spoke more in Polish than previous weeks, I wondered if this was because they were more comfortable in my presence. Mum pull a Mickey Mouse for Tom so he wouldn’t bother Molly anymore. She force his Mickey Mouse in blue, perhaps to tell the difference between whose was whose, but I also fenceed whether it was colour coded for ‘girl’ and ‘boy’. He smiled and shouted, â€Å"Mimi!” Molly and Tom both called out, â€Å"Mimi” they seemed to be in rivalry with each other of who could shout louder and laughed each time they shouted. Tom then went around the table on the opposite side to Molly and she prodded him playfully in his tummy with the end of her p aint brush. Tom giggled so she did it again, she continued to do it and they both giggled more and more each time, becoming very excited.\r\nMolly then climbed up onto a seat at the dine room table and asked Mum if she could have her stickers, Tom went over and peered up at the table to see what Molly was doing. Mum helped Tom into his seat and brought over a sheet of stickers, Molly began sticking them onto her paper but Tom struggled to peel his stickers off, he made a fist and banged the paper making grunting noises.\r\nMum went over again and helped him peel them off. Tom struggled again when Mum went back to the computer so he seemed to lose interest and again became more raise in Molly’s paper. Seeing Tom struggling made me feel uncomfortable that I couldn’t assist him. Tom climbed down from the table and ran into his bedroom; he peered up at the shelf of DVD’s. He shouted out, perhaps in Polish, Mum came in the room and pointed at various DVD’s u ntil he said yes. She put on a film called ‘Pipi’ Tom danced around to the introduction music and stood close to the screen wiggling his bottom. End of observation.\r\nIn this essay I will label my experience as an perceiver and describe the place of observation in affable work. Finally, I will focus on windual urge development as my major theme of consideration. Initially, although I was a bitty apprehensive; I came to find the power of the observer a considerable challenge. Although in some slipway I grew more comfortable with certain aspects of the exercise, I found a degree of discomfort in the role I was to undertake. I could relate greatly to the content of Quitak, N (2004) article, as I too struggled to find my feet to gain the right balance in distance and involvement. I experienced feelings of guilt when the children required my attention and learnt that I had to tolerate the anxiety of non-intervention. Trowell and Miles (1991) say in relation to neig hborly work, that due to the requirements of the role, they at times have to be assertive (cited in Quitak, 2004). Therefore to be effective, they moldiness come to foothold with the discomfort this preempt imply. Mattinson (1975) cited in Quitak, N (2004) discusses this construct in terms of the ‘psychological distance’ ofttimes required.\r\nTrowell and Miles (1991) cited in Quitak (2004) in terms of remaining ‘actively positive’; retaining a physical distance, whilst allowing one ego to become deeply involved. When recording my observation afterwards, I found that the first things I recalled were from the first and last part of the hour, plus what was unusual and stood out to me. sake (1991) says that this is because we are trying to hold onto awareness of the environs and the different ways in which concourse chat and interact, (cited in Lefevre, 2010). I recognised I was abstracted with trying to remember everything. On reflection I realised that I should have observed everything and then later try to identify the most undischarged points. A further distraction was Tom’s sister, Molly, who features heavily in my records, because her doings was more emphatic, however, I was unable to moderate her behaviour in order to allow Tom a more signifi sewert role. Munro (1991) says that such challenges and disruptions to memory are one of the reasons assessments are oft based on rudimentary or inaccurate information.\r\nI was also come to on whether pre-determined bias would creep in, as indeed, people’s values, culture and previous experiences will everlastingly influence how they interpret what they see (Cox, 2005, cited in Lefevre, 2010). what is more due to Tom not speaking properly all the same and the language barrier it was harder for me to recall as I couldn’t prompt my memory with odd sentences. Malekoff (1994) says that thoughts and feelings of children are often emotionally processed and conve yed by more draw a bead on means, and body language whitethorn provide important clues as to how they feel (cited in Lefevre, M. 2010). This heightened my awareness of non-verbal communication and improved my capacity to prove non- verbal behaviour. Observing children over time whitethorn help to explain what relates more to their general character and what might be a response to caretaking and environmental experiences.\r\nWhat they convey through certain choices provides insight into their affectionate individuality and sense of self and heathenish norms. sum their racial individuation may also be revealed. A neighborly worker will need to be open to different social and cultural experiences and consider how a child may be touch by different fixingss such as ethnocentrism. Self-awareness and understanding of the impact of oppression on racial identity will be important (Robinson, 2007, cited in Lefevre, 2010). Recent work on prejudice/identity development focuses on a pplications of inter class theory to examine the soil of social categorization and its cause. One development has been to look more generally at children’s knowledge of other countries and nationalities (Cowie et al. 2009). I believe this could be very beneficial for Tom in the future. When watching the children I questioned whether their behaviour was altered by my presence (see week one, lines 58-62 and week four, lines 109-110).\r\nThe experience of being observed can evoke anxiety and feelings of disempowerment due to possible idolise of being judged or misunderstood, which can result in them behaving differently. In relation to assessments, it is important to consider how workers might affect the observed situation (Tanner and Turney, 2000 cited in Lefevre, 2004). I understand that the move from observation to interpretation is multiform and therefore should proceed with caution. In bringing brooding approaches to child observations into social work, a link is made ‘between knowledge of human growth and development, experimental skills and effective social work communication with children (Luckock et al, 2006, p 39). A picture of a children’s world, in particular their emotional experience, is created, which may include how they interact with and respond to parents.\r\nThis may then be used to inform assessment and care planning, including the assessment of neglect (Tanner and Turney, 2000), child protection assessments (Fleming, 2004), multidisciplinary assessments for the family courts (Youell, 2002) and the supervision of contact (Hindle and Easton, 1999). The debate about the health, safety and welfare of children became a preoccupation of organisation following the death of Victoria Climbie in 2000 (Youell, 2009 and Wilson, 1992). It ‘can refer to both one’s own and one’s partner’s expression, with deficiency’ of expressiveness on either one’s part seen as dissatisfying’ (He cht et al., 1989). Cultures vary in what is considered ‘appropriate channelling’ of emotions. For event in some cultural groups restraint of pixilated feelings is highly valued. Social workers must always consider cultural factors when assessing people (Robinson, 2007. Pg. 116-120).\r\nI considered cultural differences whilst observing, Mum was always very quiet and when I met Dad, he was also quiet. Although I was aware that this may be their personalities, I considered if is in their culture to be quiet (see week one, line 49). This experience has taught me that although it is imperative for practitioners to be sensitive to the impact of our presence, it is vital not to lug that we must remain focussed upon the objectives set for the observation. From observing Tom, I found myself particularly implicated in his behaviour in relation to his ‘gender role’. I became drawn in to spotting which toys interested him, what he chose to wear and his general beh aviour. Piaget has shown how important symbolic representation is to cognitive development. One of the many another(prenominal) important things children must learn during their first historic period is what trip out they are; they learn that they are demanded to guide in different ways according to whether they are a boy or a girl. education to behave â€Å"appropriately” for their sex involves learning their â€Å"gender identity” (Davenport, 1992, pg. 275).\r\nI will be looking at theories of acquiring a sex-role, looking at; biologic factors, social learning and cognitive development. The results of various studies propose that most children begin to acquire their sex identity from around 18 months. By 2 years they begin to identify what sex other children are, although they’re not too sure of their own gender identity until somewhere between two and a half and three years (Davenport, 1992, pg. 275). Accordingly, at 22 months, Tom should be beginnin g to identify gender, but not his own for another 7 or 8 months. sons and girls differ in one chromosome cope with; this genetic difference normally leads to differential payoff of hormones. These hormones lead to differentiation of bodily characteristics, such as the genital organs, and may also influence mind growth and therefore behaviour patterns (Cowie et al, 2003). Theories emphasising biological forces look for experimental reason that links male hormones with certain types of behaviour (Davenport, 1992). Collaer and Hines (1995) cited in Cowie et al. (2009) examined the evidence for the effects of sex hormone abnormalities on behaviour over a range of outcome variables.\r\nThey conclude that the evidence is strongest for childhood play behaviour; in normal fetal development male sex hormones seem to predispose boys to become more physically active. They also fight that the evidence is relatively strong in two other areas: hostility and sexual orientation. Such effects a re consistent with evidence that some sex differences appear early in life. Much search has shown males to be more aggressive, and that aggression begins at around 2 years (Cowie et al. pg. 190-192. 2009). Tom demonstrated behaviours of aggression; see ‘observation week four’ (lines 88-103 and 119). This has been explained by the higher testosterone levels than females.\r\nHowever, it is possible that boys are reinforced for behaving aggressively, and this makes them state more testosterone (Cowie et al. 2009). Money and Ehrhardt (1972) carried out a occupy to understand the effect that the male sex hormone, androgenic hormone has on girls. They examined girls who had been exposed to unusually high levels of androgen before birth. Compared with a matched group of girls who hadn’t, these girls and their mothers reported themselves to being ‘tomboys’. However, Cowie et al (2009) argue that because the parents knew of the hormonal abnormalities, thi s could have affected their behaviour towards their children.\r\nWhile biological factors are believably important in explanations of sex differences, they do not fully explain the process of sex-role identification, or explain the variations in sex roles in different societies (Cowie et al, 2009). Social Learning theorists claim that we acquire our gender roles by observation, modelling, and being reinforced for behaving accordingly. This implies a learning process, that social factors are also important. For example it may be that female babies are spoken to more often than boys, thus pick up language in the first place (Davenport, pg. 276-278, 1992). On reflection, Tom’s Mum spoke more to Molly, although this may be because she was replying to her. An early approach to the learning of sex-role identification was that children are moulded into sex-roles by the behaviour of adults, especially parents and teachers (Bandura, 1969; Mischel, 1970). In its early version (which Maccoby, 2000, calls ‘direct sociolization’) this theory suggests that parents and others reward sex-appropriate behaviour in children (cited in smith et al. 2009), (see week one, lines 45-47 and also lines 40-1 and 56-57).\r\nMum merrily helped Tom in to the skirt, although would then attempt to get it off. I wondered if this was because Mum was a bit loth(p) to him wearing it, or even feared I may judge her. I also considered if it would be different if Dad were around. Fagot (1978) studied children ages 20-24 months in American homes and found that girls were encouraged by their parents to dance, dress up and play with dolls, whereas boys were encouraged to play with blocks and trucks. Conversely, Tom’s Mum did not discourage him from playing with the pram (see week one, lines 51-54) a typical ‘girls toy’. moreover Fagot (1985) found that nursery school teachers tend to reward ‘feminine’ types of behaviour, in both boys and girls, y et this does not prevent boys engaging more in noisy, rough-and-tumble play. Nevertheless, many reviews have felt that this evidence has not been very convincing (Golombok, and Hines, 2002; Maccoby, 2000, cited in smith et al. 2009). It may be that any differential behaviour by parents is simply responding to pre-existing differences in boys and girls behaviour (Davenport, 1992).\r\nIndirect socialization (Maccoby, 2000), supposes that children observe the behaviour of similar sex models, and imitate them, for example, boys might imitate the behaviour of male figures on TV (cited in smith et al. 2009).TV features in every record, and Tom was always very engrossed and on more than one thing I noticed him imitating what was acted or said (see week one, line 52). A report by Himmelweit et al. (1958) looked for changes in children’s behaviour with the concern that violence on television may make children more aggressive, and that many programmes portray stereotyped images of sex roles. Alternatively, others think that television can be used to encourage cooperative behaviour, or reduced stereotyped views (Greenfield, 1984, cited in Smith et al. 2009).\r\nThis introduces influences on behaviour that suggest the importance of cognitive factors. Social cognitive theory (Bussey and Bandura, 1999) draws together the ideas of both theories. They suggest children monitor their own behaviour construct on what is appropriate; identification with peer group monitoring their behaviour in relation to how they expect same-sex peers might react (cited in Cowie et al. 2009). I didn’t get to see Tom interact with any male children, I found Molly to be a great influence on his behaviour; i.e. see week one lines 21-22, 26 and 59.\r\nI imagine this is because supposedly he has not yet identified himself as a boy and does not have much, if any, contact with other boys of similar age. resource for same-sex peers seems to be a cross-cultural phenomenon, and one that increases through childhood into adolescence. Maccoby (1998, 200) has documented this, and argues that it is a key factor in integrating not only cognitive and social factors, but also the biological factors affect sex differences (Cowie et al. 2009).\r\nObserving Tom enabled me a great insight into his world, but has also indeed taught me a lot about myself, gaining skills of self-awareness and reflective practice that I hope to bring to future practice.\r\nBibliography\r\nBandura, A. 1969: Social Learning theory of identificatory processes. In D. A Goslin (ed.), Handbook of culture Theory and Research. Chicago: Rand McNally.\r\nPeter K.Smith, Helen Cowie and Mark Blades (2009). arrest Children’s Development . 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 186-194.\r\nG C Davenport (1992). An introduction to Child development. capital of the United Kingdom: Colins Educational. 275-291.\r\nMoney, J. and Ehrhardt, A. A. 1972: Man and Woman, Boy and Girl. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkin s University Press.\r\nMichelle Lefevre (2010). Communicating with children and young people making a difference. Bristol: The Policy Press. 147-169.\r\nJudith Trowell and Gillian Miles. (1991). The contribution of observation development to professional development in social work . Journal of social work practice. 5 (1), 50-56.\r\nNatasha Quitak. (2010). Difficulties in Holding the role of the observer.Journal of social work practice. 18 (2), 247-253.\r\nLena Robinson (2007). Cross-Cultural child development for social workers an introduction. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 116-120.\r\nKate Wilson. (1992). The place of child observation in social work.Journal of social work practice. 6 (1), 37-47.\r\nBiddy Youell . (2009). execute to emotional and behavioural health . Available: http://www.ccinform.co.uk/articles/2009/10/19/3614/guide+to+emotional+and+behavioural+health.html. stretch forth accessed 27th Nov 2012.\r\n'